1932 NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE No. 79

• Management of the environmental impacts of economic activity

12. Transport and Distribution Systems

Definition

Science and technology contributing to an infrastructure of transport/storage/distribution systems and services aimed at meeting the economic, social and environmental goals of New Zealanders and New Zealand enterprises. Also included is science and technology oriented towards understanding and ameliorating the impacts of transport and distribution systems on the natural environment and on society.

Strategic Goals

“New and enhanced systems and technologies for the movement of people and the movement and storage of goods.”

• Achievement of cost efficiencies
• Management of the environmental impacts of economic activity
• Planning for and management of the future

13. Society and Culture

Definition

Science and technology contributing to the social wellbeing, national identity, and security of New Zealanders, and to the development of international understanding.

Included is science related to: New Zealand and Pacific history; population demographics; Te Ao Maori; the Treaty of Waitangi; aspects of New Zealand culture and society. Also included is science related to: government, public administration and political processes, justice, law and human rights; the New Zealand economy and its dynamics; work, working relationships and labour markets; employment and working conditions; wealth generation and distribution; international relations; urban and rural planning; and the social and cultural implications of economic and political change. Science related to education and training processes; research and knowledge production; the management and communication of knowledge; and the social and cultural implications of knowledge change are also included in this output.

Strategic Goals

“Improvements to knowledge and understanding of the New Zealand peoples, their development and the processes for beneficial outcomes.”

• Advancement of social equity
• Understanding of New Zealand and of New Zealand identity
• Advancement of social inclusiveness
• Advancement of equitable and cohesive cross-cultural relationships
• Planning for and management of the future

14. Earth Resources and Processes

Definition

Science and technology focused on the structure, composition, geological history and physical processes relevant to New Zealand’s unique geological setting, and an understanding of the causes, consequences and mitigation of natural and man-made hazards.

Included is the identification and assessment of: mineral and subsurface water resources, and earth resources research that feeds into multiple outputs; geological influences on the environment, human habitation and global change; and deeper sediments in aquatic environments.

Strategic Goals

“Improvements to knowledge and understanding of the Earth’s geology and development.”

• Management of physical risk
• Sustainable management of natural and physical resources

15. Land and Fresh Water Ecosystems

Definition

Science and technology contributing to the understanding of land, and freshwater eco-systems, and to the analysis and amelioration of the environmental impacts of social development and economic activities.

Included is science and technology related to: the physical, chemical and biological properties and potential uses of New Zealand’s lands and soils, the native and introduced flora and fauna, and the ecosystems of which they are a part; freshwater eco-systems, and their underlying substrate, flora and fauna; and the environmental planning of urban and rural areas. Also included is science and technology focused on reducing the impacts of human and other activity on the natural environment. Science and technology focused on ameliorating the impacts of industry or other human activity specific to a sector aligned output should be funded from that output.

Strategic Goals

“Improvements to knowledge and understanding of land and freshwater ecosystems.”

• Environmental and ecosystem repair and rehabilitation
• Maintenance of biodiversity
• Management of biological risk
• Sustainable management of natural and physical resources

16. Marine Environments, Climate and Atmosphere

Definition

Science and technology contributing to the understanding of marine and estuarine eco-systems, the climate and atmosphere, and to analysis and amelioration of the environmental impacts of social development and economic activities.

Included is science and technology related to: the physical, chemical, and biological processes and characteristics of the marine waters of New Zealand, and their underlying substrate, flora and fauna; and the atmosphere, climate, the interaction of the atmosphere with the hydrosphere and biosphere. Also included is science and technology related to the amelioration of the impacts of human and other activities on marine environments, the climate and atmosphere.

Strategic Goals

“Improvements to knowledge and understanding of marine environments, climate and atmosphere.”

• Management of physical risk
• Management of biological risk
• Maintaining biodiversity
• Sustainable management of natural and physical resources