792
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 15

Soils: The origin, formation, and mechanical
analysis of soils; the physical properties of soils; the
chemical and physical properties of the constituents of
soils; the effects on soils of weathering, of vegetable and
animal life, and of tillage; the oxidation of organic
matter in soils; the active or available and the dormant
or reserve soil-constituents; the conditions necessary for
the formation of the active from the dormant con-
stituents, or promoting this formation.

Manures: Definition of manures; the principles
governing their use; the properties and composition of
the chief general, artificial, and manufactured manures;
fermentation.

Plants: The organic and inorganic constituents; the
proportions of water and solid matter. The ash of
plants; the essential, non-essential, and useful ash-con-
stituents; differences in composition between the ash of
grain and that of straw or leaf. General composition
of farm crops; chemical elements in the plant obtained
from the air and from the soil; chemical actions in
different parts of the plant; effects of light and heat;
chemical changes during germination.

Animals: Chief organic and inorganic constituents of
animal bodies; ash-constituents of blood, muscle, and
bone; composition of fats; the general composition and
values of ordinary farm foods and their uses in the
animal body. The constituents of milk, cream, butter,
and cheese.

A candidate in Agricultural Chemistry will be re-
quired to forward to the Department, before the examina-
tion, a certificate on the prescribed form that he has
gone through a sufficient course of practical work in the
subject occupying at least eighty hours.

(32.) Agricultural Botany and Zoology.—The elementary mor-
phology, anatomy, and physiology of plants; the func-
tions of the members of the plant; pollination and fer-
tilization; formation of seed; adaptations for protec-
tion and dispersal of seed; germination and growth;
storage of food; general conditions of plant-life; con-
tention with physical environment; competition with
fellows; variation. Description of gymnosperms used
for timber in New Zealand, and of cryptogams that are
parasitic upon higher plants and upon animals of eco-
nomic value, with methods of prevention and cure.
Classification of phanerogams, with special reference to
those orders to which the more important trees, grasses,
plants, weeds, &c., with which the agriculturist is con-
cerned, belong. The recognition, description, reference
to their orders, and uses of such trees, &c. The preven-
tion and destruction of weeds, with a special knowledge
of impurities and adulterants, and the determination of
the germinating power of seeds. The chief character-
istics, geographical distribution, and general conditions
of existence in respect to those orders of the animal king-
dom to which the animals (including those injurious to
agriculture) that are of economic importance to
agriculturists belong. A knowledge of the external
features, general structure, and mode of life of such
animals. The means of destroying animals injurious to
agriculture, or of holding them in check.

A candidate in Agricultural Botany and Zoology will
be required to forward to the Department, before the
examination, a certificate on the prescribed form that he
has gone through a sufficient course of practical work in
the subject occupying at least eighty hours.

(33.) General Hygiene.—Composition, characters, and classifica-
tion of drinking-waters. Sources of water-supply. The
collection, storage, and distribution of water; constant
and intermittent systems of water-service compared.
Sources of contamination, and protective precautions;
the more common impurities of water. The examination
of samples of water for impurities; estimation of hard-
ness; effects of impure and insufficient supplies. Large
scale and domestic methods of filtering and purifying
water; construction and action of water-filters. Compo-