May 19.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 1545

jointed, or of screwed wrought-iron piping; thence to its outlet it may be made of cast-iron, screwed wrought-iron pipe, 6 lb. lead, or galvanised iron of not less than 24 B.W.G. The connection between the stoneware and the vertical pipe shall be made with cement, which together with all other joints shall be perfectly airtight. If galvanised iron is used, the pipes shall be made with double-lapped and soldered longitudinal joints in long lengths, and the transverse joints shall not be less than 2 in. in length, slipped, or socketed, and soldered. The connection between the galvanised-iron pipe and the cast-iron portion of the shaft shall be of lead run in and caulked, the portion of the galvanised-iron pipe inside the socket of the cast-iron pipe being strengthened by a galvanised-iron band 3 in. wide of 24 B.W.G. soldered to it. Putty shall not under any circumstances be used for jointing any ventilation-pipes. No angular joints or elbows shall be used below the eaves-level. This shaft shall be properly constructed and supported, and carried in as direct a manner as possible.

61. If after a ventilation-shaft shall have been erected, the same shall by reason of the erection of any new building or buildings, or the addition to or alteration of any building (including any building in respect whereof such shaft may have been furnished), or by reason of any other matter or thing, become or be in a position or in any other respect not in accordance with the foregoing section, the owner of the premises upon which such shaft shall be erected shall cause such shaft to be in accordance with the said foregoing section or with such of the provisions of such section as may be applicable.

62. Disconnected bath, sink, and lavatory vents need not extend more than 3 ft. above the eaves, unless otherwise ordered by the Inspector. Every vent-pipe must be of undiminished size without return bend, with suitable and efficient educt or induct cowls, and it must not open near a window or chimney, nor an air-shaft which ventilates a living-room.

63. All vent-pipes in an extension of a main building shall be extended to such a height as may be necessary above the roof of the main building, and so that they will not open within 30 ft. of the windows of the main house or of the adjoining house.

64. Branch drains need not be ventilated if the gully-traps are less than 15 ft. from the main house drain.

65. Traps subject to siphonage shall have the waste-pipe leading therefrom vented by a special pipe taken from such a position that its entrance will not be fouled by the discharge of the traps. The vents shall be not less than two-thirds of the diameter of the pipe they ventilate.

66. Vent-pipes shall be of cast iron, wrought iron, or lead inside a building; dipped and folded galvanised iron may be used where they are entirely outside a building, and all shall be connected with the traps they ventilate by brass or lead ferrules.

67. The various vent-pipes may be branched into a waste-pipe of the same class above the inlet from the highest fixture. They may be combined by branching together those which serve several traps of the same class. These vents must always have a continuous slope, and be as nearly vertical as possible to avoid collecting water by condensation.

68. No vent-pipe shall be used as a waste-pipe. Rain-water pipes shall not be used as ventilators. As far as possible all vent-pipes shall be placed outside buildings. No brick, earthenware, or house chimney-flue shall be used as a sewer ventilator nor to ventilate any drain or waste pipe.

69. All inlets to drains or openings for ventilation shall be efficiently protected by proper gratings of ample area. The aggregate area of the apertures in any grating covering a ventilation opening shall be not less than the sectional area of the pipe or drain to which such grating is fitted.

70. All bath, lavatory, sink, wash-tub, or other waste-pipes shall discharge into the open air, either directly over a trapped gully, at a height of not less than 6 in. nor more than 12 in. above the grating thereof, or over (and at a height of 3 in. above) a watertight channel led to a gully-trap and not being distant therefrom more than 6 ft. The effective area of the intake shall not be less than that of the pipe.

71. Where a safe is provided under any bath, sink, or other convenience it shall be provided with an overflow-pipe of lead not less than 1½ in. in diameter, discharging into the open air through the nearest external wall.

72. Wastes from disconnected fittings (except urinals and slop-sinks) need not be ventilated unless they exceed 12 ft. inclined or 18 ft. vertical in length, and branch wastes to such fittings if connected with a ventilated main waste may be 12 ft. in length without being ventilated, unless siphonage occurs in a trap, in which case air must be supplied to the waste of that trap.

73. Waste-pipes shall have an efficient fall, and shall be as free from bends and as short as possible.

74. Separate internal wastes shall be provided for each of the following classes of polluted waters, viz. :
    (1.) Dirty water from baths, pantry, and china, closet, sinks, lavatories, and wash-troughs, and other waters with a small proportion of soap and dirt :
    (2.) Greasy water from kitchen and scullery sinks where grease-traps are required :
    (3.) Sludge-water from factories, stables, cow-houses, cab-stands, and other specially polluted surfaces :
    (4.) Discharge from housemaid slop-sinks, public or private urinals.

75. A main waste-pipe into which lavatories, baths, or kitchen-sinks discharge shall be at least 2 in. in diameter, with at least 1¼ in. branches, except for single lavatories and urinals, which may be 1¼ in.

76. Wastes in outhouses entirely disconnected from living-rooms and kitchens may be 24-gauge galvanised iron for baths and wash-troughs.

77. No steam-exhaust, blow-off, or drip-pipe shall be connected with a drain or sewer, or with any soil or waste pipe connected with any drain or sewer.

78. No waste liquids or refuse products of any manufacturing process shall be admitted into any sewer. Hot liquids shall not be allowed to flow directly into the sewers, but shall be retained in properly constructed and approved cooling-tanks until the temperature is reduced to below 100° Fahr.

79. The entrance to exit-pipes from all fixtures shall be furnished with suitable fixed strainers. The perforations in strainers shall be small, but sufficient in number to enable a good scour of the waste-pipes.

80. Internal basin urinals must be small and of non-absorbent materials; the waste-pipe shall be of pottery-ware, lead, or glass-enamelled cast iron. The urinal must be provided with an efficient flushing-apparatus. The floor under urinals shall be covered with non-absorbent material. In hotels, public buildings, and other public places enamelled slate or other efficient water-troughs shall be provided, either raised above the floor or sunk in an impervious floor, and kept full of flowing water by some efficient apparatus. The walls behind the screens between urinals must be of non-absorbent material. The screens must be free from the floor for a portion of the width of divisions.

81. The waste-pipe from a slop-sink must be of lead or glass-enamelled cast iron, and be carried independently out to the open air with a quick fall, and into a full-bore ventilated 2½ in. downpipe to the ground, where a gully-trap must take the waste to the drain. The trap or waste-pipe must be well opened out to receive the sink-basin, and trap must be fitted with a 1½ in. vent-pipe. The sink must be of suitable and efficient material. Draw-off taps must not be used directly over slop-sinks unless at least 2 ft. above the sink. Efficient flushing arrangements must be used.

82. Every drain shall be so arranged as to be self-cleansing, in order that it may remain at all times free from deposit. Where this cannot be effected without flushing, proper flushing-apparatus shall be provided.

83. Rain-water from roofs shall not communicate directly with any drainpipe, but must discharge over an open gully provided with proper trap and ventilator, or into an open channel leading to such trap and ventilator. Rain-water conductors shall not be connected with the sewers. All stables, dairies, paved yards, cab-stands, or other places connected with the sewers or drains shall be properly graded, cemented, tar-paved, flagged, or well paved and properly drained, and must be trapped with an efficient gully-trap.

84. No pipes leading from the district water-mains or from any service pipes connected therewith shall on any pretext whatever be connected directly with any urinal, trap, drain, or sewer. Where water-supply is required, the water-pipe must in all cases deliver with a free outfall into an open cistern above the highest water-level of such cistern.

85. All openings for ventilation made in accordance with these regulations shall at all times be kept open and free from obstruction. Every occupier shall at all times insure that all openings to the drains on his premises, whether for ventilation or otherwise, and all traps and other fittings are at all times in good order, clean, and free from obstruction.

86. No person shall throw or deposit in any drain or sewer, or any drain or sewer accessory, any garbage, offal, dead animals, vegetable parings, ashes, cinders, rags, or any other matter or thing which may injuriously affect or impair the working or efficiency of any sewer.