1544
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 48

shall be securely closed with removable watertight imperishable materials. If lead pipe the end must be soldered, if wrought-iron pipe a plug must be screwed on the end, if cast-iron pipe a cast-iron plug must be caulked in with lead.

33. Where roots exist their ingress to the pipes must be prevented by surrounding the pipes with 4 in. thick of cement concrete.

34. It shall not be lawful for any person to plant, keep, or continue any tree or scrub on or near any sewer or public drain in the district which will destroy or damage such sewer or public drain.

35. The diameter of pipes shall mean the internal diameter.

36. All stoneware pipes shall be double-glazed, truly cylindrical, and of uniform bore and thickness. They shall be thoroughly sound, well burnt, and glazed, and free from blisters, scabs, cracks, and other imperfections. Taper pipes shall be used in all cases where different sizes are connected. No bend pipe shall have a smaller radius than 2 ft. at centre-line.

37. All drainpipes shall be at least 4 in. in diameter.

38. All cast-iron pipes shall be sound, free from holes or cracks, and coated with tar or asphaltum. The following weights of cast-iron pipes will be accepted as standards: 4 in. diameter, 13 lb. per lineal foot; 5 in. diameter, 17 lb. per lineal foot; 6 in. diameter, 20 lb. per lineal foot.

39. All wrought-iron pipes shall be of approved standard and quality, and galvanised or coated to the satisfaction of the Inspector.

40. All fittings used in connection with such pipes shall correspond with them in weight and quality.

41. Where lead pipe is used for waste or vent pipes such pipes shall not be lighter than 6 lb. lead. Where in the opinion of the Board a heavier weight may be required, its instructions shall be complied with. Lead pipes shall be seamless.

42. The arrangement of waste pipes shall be as direct as possible. The following are the minimum sizes of waste and vent pipes, and weights of lead, to be used throughout unless otherwise specially ordered in writing by the Inspector:—

43. Vent-pipes shall not be less than two-thirds the diameter of the waste they ventilate, and no vent-pipe is to be less than the sizes given above. In the case of water-closets the diameter of vent-pipes shall not be less than 2 in. The vent-pipes for sewers shall not be less than 3 in. in diameter.

44. External vent-pipes and waste-pipes of galvanised iron shall not be of less than 24 gauge.

45. Stoneware pipes shall be jointed with freshly mixed mortar composed of one part Portland cement and two parts of clean, sharp, coarse sand. The spigot end of pipe shall be right home in the socket, and the faucet space shall be concentric and thoroughly well filled with fresh mortar. After a joint is made a scraper must be used to remove from the inside any mortar that may have squeezed in, and the joint be left perfectly even.

46. All joints in cast-iron pipes shall be so filled with gasket and lead as to make them perfectly gas-tight. Joints between lead and cast iron to be made in a similar manner, the lead pipe being first provided at end with a brass sleeve or ferrule of similar diameter attached by a wiped joint. All lead to lead joints to be wiped-soldered. Joints with white-lead to be used for wrought iron.

47. As far as possible no drainpipe shall pass beneath any building. Where, however, this is unavoidable, the pipe must be of cast iron, lead-jointed, or if of stoneware the pipe must be bedded in and surrounded with good cement concrete 4 in. in thickness. In every case the pipe shall be properly ventilated by a suitable shaft or opening at each end.

48. A boundary or disconnector trap shall be placed in the line of every house drain at a point on the sewer side of the first branch drain at or as near as possible to the boundary of the premises. Such trap shall be of stoneware of approved pattern and quality (the pattern known as the Buchan trap is admissible). Such trap shall have situated on the side furthest from the sewer an air-inlet which shall be carried up to surface of ground and fitted with an iron grating.

49. Every drain constructed so as to be capable of carrying off water or any liquid from any private premises in the district, and connecting with any main sewer or public drain in the district, shall have proper and efficient and at all times well and sufficiently repaired stench-traps with properly and efficiently constructed watertight receiving pits or basins attached above the drain of earthenware, stone, concrete, brickwork, or metal.

50. Every owner or occupier of any such private premises the drain from which shall connect with any main sewer or public drain, and which shall be without such appliances as are mentioned in the last preceding clause, shall provide and properly and efficiently construct such stench-trap with watertight receiving pits or basins as aforesaid, and shall, in the case of stench-traps, receiving-pits, or basins out of repair, well and sufficiently repair the same.

51. Traps of three classes may be used, viz.:—
    (a.) Traps for intercepting gases only to be of round section and self-cleansing form, but not so easy as to empty by momentum or suction.
    (b.) Silt-traps for intercepting both gases and solids to have slightly tapered sides, flat bottoms, and rounded (not sharp) angles, and provided with trays fitted with handles for catching or removing solids.
    (c.) “Grease-traps” for solidifying and collecting grease or other semi-fluid matter liable to foul the pipes must be of such form as may be approved by the Board.

52. The term “gully” will be applied to traps (a) and (b) in cases where they are to be used externally and fitted with dished tops and gratings. In such cases the dish must be in one piece with the trap, or jointed thereto spigot and faucet, and the depth of the dish from the top to the grating must be not less than half the diameter of the pipe, and the grating must be removable.

53. The term “disconnector” will be applied to the traps in cases where provision has to be made for the inlet ventilation for the pipe or pipes discharging therein.

54. All traps shall have a water-seal of at least half the diameter of the outlet-pipe, but in no case less than 2½ in.

55. Every urinal, lavatory, slop-sink, kitchen-sink, bath, and every tub or set of tubs must be separately trapped by an efficient trap placed on the waste-pipe as close to fixture as possible. The trap must be of equal bore with the waste-pipe, and be provided with an access-cap for inspection. Wastes to wash-tubs in detached wash-houses need not be trapped if less than 6 ft. in length.

56. Sinks in all butchers’ shops, hotels, restaurants, and boardinghouses shall be provided with suitable approved grease-traps. Wash-rooms for vehicles must have silt-traps provided, with proper means of intercepting mud, grit, and rubbish.

57. Stables, cab-stands, and paved backyards for which drainage permits have been granted must be provided with suitable and efficient silt-traps.

58. In no case shall traps known as D traps or Bell traps be used.

59. All lead traps shall be drawn or worked.

60. From the highest point of every drain connected with a sewer a ventilation-shaft shall be furnished, having a diameter of not less than 3 in., or the soil-pipe shall be carried up full width as an air-shaft. No part of such shaft shall be placed inside any building. Such shaft shall be carried to a height not less than 3 ft. vertically above the ridge of the building. An efficient cap or cowl shall be fixed on the top thereof. No connection other than with the drain shall be made to any main ventilation-shaft. Where underground, every such ventilation-shaft shall be of stoneware drainpipes, or of cast-iron pipe with lead or rust joints, and completed in either case in an efficient and workmanlike manner. To a height of 6 ft. above the surface of the ground the shaft shall be of cast iron not less than ⅛ in. in thickness, similarly