3222

$\text { Government Meteorological Observatory. }$

M ETEOROLOGICAL Observations, Wellington, for the month of October, 1909. Observations taken at 9 a.m.
Altitude of new observatory, 110 ft.
From Self-registering Instruments, for Twenty-four Hours previously.
$\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline Date. & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{ Temperature reduced, } & \multirow{2}{}{ Solar Radia- } & \multirow{2}{}{ Terrestrial } & \multirow{2}{}{ Veloc. Wind } & \multirow{2}{}{ Amount } & \multirow{2}{}{ Direction of Wind. } & Rainfall, in points \
\cline { 2 - 4 } & Max. Temp. & Min. Temp. & Mean Temp. & & Radiation. & in Miles. & of Cloud, & & \
\cline { 2 - 4 } & in Shade. & in Shade. & in Shade. & tion. & & & 0 to 10. & & (100 to 1 inch). \
\hline 1 & 29 .774 & 64 .0 & 55 .0 & 59 .5 & 97 & 52 & 440 & 10 N. & 1 \
\hline 2 & 30 .050 & 60 .2 & 48 .0 & 54 .1 & 95 & 41 & 180 & 3 N. & ... \
\hline 3 & 29 .930 & 61 .0 & 52 .0 & 56 .5 & 106 & 50 & 620 & 10 N.W. & 1 \
\hline 4 & 29 .972 & 57 .2 & 52 .6 & 54 .9 & 91 & 46 & 580 & 9 N. & 8 \
\hline 5 & 29 .730 & 61 .0 & 54 .0 & 57 .5 & 104 & 52 & 580 & 10 N. & 84 \
\hline 6 & 29 .961 & 61 .0 & 49 .0 & 55 .0 & 99 & 47 & 460 & 6 S. & ... \
\hline 7 & 30 .080 & 64 .0 & 53 .6 & 58 .8 & 105 & 49 & 370 & 7 N.W. & ... \
\hline 8 & 30 .060 & 64 .0 & 53 .6 & 58 .8 & 105 & 49 & 530 & 7 N. & Trace \
\hline 9 & 30 .114 & 60 .2 & 52 .0 & 56 .1 & 113 & 50 & 420 & 10 S. & ... \
\hline 10 & 30 .130 & 63 .6 & 47 .0 & 55 .3 & 112 & 39 & 156 & 4 N. & ... \
\hline 11 & 30 .192 & 66 .0 & 54 .0 & 60 .0 & 108 & 50 & 454 & 9 N.W. & 2 \
\hline 12 & 30 .021 & 60 .2 & 56 .8 & 58 .5 & 76 & 55 & 978 & 10 N.W. & ... \
\hline 13 & 30 .100 & 62 .0 & 47 .0 & 54 .5 & 107 & 36 & 432 & 0 N. & ... \
\hline 14 & 29 .963 & 62 .0 & 49 .6 & 55 .8 & 107 & 39 & 380 & 3 N. & ... \
\hline 15 & 29 .780 & 59 .8 & 52 .8 & 56 .3 & 104 & 48 & 730 & 8 N.W. & 76 \
\hline 16 & 30 .100 & 58 .2 & 43 .2 & 50 .7 & 116 & 42 & 610 & 9 S. & 21 \
\hline 17 & 30 .140 & 52 .2 & 41 .0 & 46 .6 & 106 & 39 & 640 & 8 S. & 1 \
\hline 18 & 29 .901 & 56 .0 & 40 .0 & 48 .0 & 109 & 31 & 271 & 4 E. & ... \
\hline 19 & 29 .750 & 59 .6 & 45 .0 & 52 .3 & 104 & 34 & 199 & 3 N.W. & ... \
\hline 20 & 29 .724 & 62 .0 & 56 .2 & 59 .1 & 104 & 54 & 790 & 9 N.W. & 3 \
\hline 21 & 29 .550 & 60 .6 & 52 .0 & 56 .3 & 107 & 47 & 850 & 8 W. & 8 \
\hline 22 & 29 .120 & 58 .0 & 49 .0 & 53 .5 & 108 & 46 & 322 & 8 N. & 39 \
\hline 23 & 29 .210 & 56 .2 & 46 .2 & 51 .2 & 98 & 43 & 400 & 10 S. & 11 \
\hline 24 & 29 .440 & 56 .0 & 45 .0 & 50 .5 & 114 & 37 & 288 & 10 S. & 16 \
\hline 25 & 29 .810 & 54 .0 & 47 .2 & 50 .6 & 106 & 46 & 590 & 10 S. & ... \
\hline 26 & 29 .930 & 53 .8 & 46 .0 & 49 .9 & 103 & 39 & 390 & 9 S. & ... \
\hline 27 & 30 .014 & 56 .2 & 44 .0 & 50 .1 & 112 & 37 & 236 & 7 S.E. & ... \
\hline 28 & 30 .000 & 59 .0 & 53 .0 & 56 .0 & 115 & 49 & 394 & 8 N. & ... \
\hline 29 & 30 .050 & 61 .0 & 52 .2 & 56 .6 & 109 & 49 & 440 & 8 S.E. & ... \
\hline 30 & 30 .071 & 59 .0 & 43 .2 & 51 .1 & 112 & 35 & 230 & 1 E. & 2 \
\hline 31 & 29 .670 & 65 .0 & 53 .8 & 59 .4 & 110 & 45 & 202 & 10 N. & 2 \
\hline
\hline
\hline
\end{tabular}$
$$ Means, &c. $\quad+$ Means previous years. $\dagger$ Last year's mean.

DIRECTION OF WIND.
N. N.E. E. S.E. S. S.W. W. N.W. Calm.
11 | ... | 2 | 2 | 8 | ... | 1 | 7 |...

NOTE.-Sunny, dry, and windy weather prevailed, strong northerlies predominating. Total bright sunshine, 211 hours 23 minutes, and no sunless days. Mean earth-temperature : 1 ft., 54.7° Fahr.; 3 ft., 54.3° Fahr. Mean relative humidity, 75 per cent. Mean dew-point, 46.7°. Mean elastic force of vapour, .319 in.

CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLE.
MEANS AND TOTALS FROM THE CHIEF STATIONS.
October, 1909.
Name of Station and Observer.
$\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|r|c|c|} \hline Altitude above Sea-level in Feet. & \multicolumn{3}{|c|}{ Absolute Mean Temp. Air in Shade. } & \multicolumn{2}{|c|}{ Extremes. } & \multirow{2}{*}{ Total Rainfall (100 Points to the Inch). } & Days with Rain (4 Point or more). \ \cline { 2 - 7 } & Mean & Max. Temp. & Min. Temp. & Max. & Min. & & \ \hline 125 & AUCKLAND. & 56.9 & 63.4 & 50.5 & 368 & & 16 \ \hline & T. F. Cheeseman & & & & & & \ \hline & TE AROHA & 58.4 & 67.8 & 49.0 & 385 & & 17 \ \hline & G. F. McGirr & & & & & & \ \hline 925 & ROTORUA & 55.1 & 64.5 & 46.0 & 396 & & 9 \ \hline & J. F. Robieson & & & & & & \ \hline 370 & WAIHI & 55.1 & 65.0 & 45.2 & 524 & & 22 \ \hline & H. B. Devereux & & & & & & \ \hline 130 & RUAKURA & 53.9 & 63.8 & 44.0 & 342 & & 17 \ \hline & C. Cussen & & & & & & \ \hline 63 & NEW PLYMOUTH & 58.5 & 67.3 & 49.6 & 478 & & 19 \ \hline & W. D. Fletcher & & & & & & \ \hline 250 & MOUMAHAKI & 54.7 & 61.4 & 48.0 & 432 & & 13 \ \hline & F. Gillanders & & & & & & \ \hline 103 & PALMERSTON NORTH & 54.9 & 64.1 & 45.7 & 321 & & 6 \ \hline & Mrs. A. A. Martin & & & & & & \ \hline 119 & LEVIN & 54.8 & 62.5 & 47.2 & 462 & & 22 \ \hline & D. M. Cole & & & & & & \ \hline 377 & MARTERTON & 52.3 & 64.5 & 40.2 & 270 & & 14 \ \hline & A. G. Wise & & & & & & \ \hline & GISBORNE & 58.3 & 67.6 & 49.0 & 328 & & 11 \ \hline & Archd'n Williams & & & & & & \ \hline & MEEANEE, NAPIER & 55.3 & 65.0 & 45.7 & 251 & & 13 \ \hline & Very Rev. Dean Smyth & & & & & & \ \hline 110 & WELLINGTON & 54.6 & 59.8 & 49.5 & 275 & & 15 \ \hline & F. W. Simms & & & & & & \ \hline & Averages & 55.6 & 64.3 & 46.9 & 371 & & 15 \ \hline \hline
\hline
\hline
\end{tabular}$
SOUTH ISLAND.
$\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline 34 & NELSON & 55.4 & 65.0 & 45.8 & 511 & & 12 \ \hline & J. Sharp and Rev. J.P. Kempthorne & & & & & & \ \hline 490 & MURCHISON & 52.1 & 62.2 & 42.1 & 583 & & 20 \ \hline & Dr. E. H. Howard & & & & & & \ \hline 1218 & HANMER SPA & 52.1 & 61.5 & 42.8 & 482 & & 12 \ \hline & S. J. Collett & & & & & & \ \hline 25 & CHRISTCHURCH & 52.7 & 61.9 & 43.6 & 618 & & 18 \ \hline & B. V. Pemberton & & & & & & \ \hline 42 & LINCOLN & 53.9 & 63.4 & 44.4 & 522 & & 7 \ \hline & G. Gray & & & & & & \ \hline 90 & INGLEWOOD, WAI- MATE & 51.8 & 60.4 & 43.8 & 218 & & 15 \ \hline & W. M. Hamilton & & & & & & \ \hline 300 & LEITH VALLEY, DUN- EDIN & 50.9 & 58.1 & 43.7 & 375 & & 16 \ \hline & H. Skey & & & & & & \ \hline 350 & GORE & 50.7 & 61.9 & 39.6 & 201 & & 18 \ \hline & Captain A. A. Scott & & & & & & \ \hline 12 & HOKITIKA & 54.0 & 62.6 & 45.5 & 1376 & & 15 \ \hline & A. D. Macfarlane & & & & & & \ \hline & Averages & 52.6 & 61.8 & 43.4 & 542 & & 14.2 \ \hline \hline
\hline
\hline
\end{tabular}$

SUMMARY FOR OCTOBER, 1909.

THE rainfall was not generally above the average for the month of October, although the weather was very unsettled most of the time, and a remarkable storm occurred on the 21st, 22nd, and 23rd, which brought heavy rain in most parts of the country, and especially the east coast of the South Island, where strong southerly gales, heavy rain, and snow occurred inland, and caused some severe losses. At this time the barometer was very low over the whole country, a westerly area of low pressure being followed by a low-pressure area from the north, and this accounted for the severity of the inflowing southerly winds. The rainfall was not so heavy at this time in the most southern districts, but colder weather and some severe frosts followed the disturbance.

AVERAGES DERIVED FROM THE MONTHLY CLIMATOLOGICAL TABLES FROM AUGUST, 1904, TO DECEMBER, 1908 (INCLUSIVE).

Meteorological Office, Wellington.

D. C. BATES Director,