3196
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 103

except such inlet as may be necessary for any water-closet or for a slop-sink or for a urinal, and in any such case the fittings of any such sink or urinal shall be ventilated, trapped, and connected after the manner hereinafter provided for a water-closet.

(2.) Gully-traps inside Buildings.—Where it is impossible to fix a gully-trap outside any building owing to the whole area of the property being built over, the Resident Officer may, by writing under his hand, allow the gully to be placed inside the building in such position as he may approve of, or he may require the gully-trap to be dispensed with, and in such case all sanitary fittings shall be ventilated and connected after the manner hereinafter provided for a water-closet.

25. Junctions of Drains.—No right-angled junction shall be permitted in any drain. All junctions of pipe drains shall be effected by means of Y-junction pipes with a curved branch of the same diameter as the respective drains so connected. Every branch drain shall join a main drain, and every main drain the sewer, obliquely in the direction of its flow.

26. Disconnecting-traps.—(1.) A disconnecting-trap shall be placed in the line of the drain at a point on the sewer side of the first branch-drain connection, in a position to be approved of by the Engineer according to requirements of ventilation and the position of the adjacent doors and windows.

(2.) Such trap shall be of stoneware, and furnished with an inspection eye and cap.

(3.) The trap shall have not less than 3 in. or more than 5 in. of water seal, and shall also be provided with fresh-air inlet carried above the surface of the ground in an approved position, and fitted with an iron grating or suitable cowl.

(4.) Such fresh-air inlet shall be situated on that side of the trap furthest from the sewer.

27. Openings into Drains.—No opening into a drain shall be made, or allowed to remain, other than such as is provided for the purpose of ventilation or inspection, or for a water-closet connection or slop-sink or urinal connection, unless by means of an approved gully-trap.

28. Inspection-eyes, &c.—(1.) In every drain there shall be fixed immediately within the boundary of the premises being drained an inspection eye, or pipe, or chamber.

(2.) An inspection eye, pipe, or chamber shall also be fixed immediately on the sewer side of every gully-trap or water-closet connection, at every bend in the drain, and at every junction.

(3.) If any portion of any drain exceed 60 ft. in length, an inspection eye, pipe, or chamber shall be provided at an approved position in the course of such length.

Details of Iron and other Pipes.

29. (1.) Cast-iron Pipes.—All cast-iron pipes shall be used in as long lengths as reasonably procurable, and shall be of adequate weight. The following shall be the minimum weights for pipes of the internal diameters specified below:—

2 in. diameter .. .. 5½ lb. per lineal foot.
3 in. ,, .. .. 9½ lb. ,,
4 in. ,, .. .. 13 lb. ,,
6 in. ,, .. .. 20 lb. ,,

(2.) Wrought-iron Pipes.—Wrought-iron pipes shall be protected from rusting by being either galvanised, or coated in the manner specified above for cast-iron pipes.

(3.) Lead Pipes and Traps.—All lead pipes and traps shall be drawn pipes of pure soft lead of the best quality, and of the following sizes (internal diameter) and weights:—

1¼ in. to be 2½ lb. per lineal foot.
1½ in. ,, 3 lb. ,,
2 in. ,, 4 lb. ,,
3 in. ,, 5 lb. ,,
4 in. ,, 6 lb. ,,

(4.) Sheet Lead and Iron.—All sheet lead shall be not less than 6 lb. per square foot. Galvanised sheet iron for vents, waste-pipes, and cisterns shall be 22 B.W.G.

(5.) Galvanised Sheet Iron.—Galvanised sheet-iron piping shall be made with double-lapped, grooved, and soldered longitudinal joints in long lengths, and the transverse joints shall not be less than 2 in. in length, soldered.

(6.) Galvanised-iron Pipes.—No galvanised-iron pipe shall be used if the galvanising shall be in any way damaged, or stripped, either previous to or during manufacture.

Traps under Fixtures.

(7.) Traps.—All traps under fixtures must be set perfectly true as regards their water-level.

(8.) Bending of Traps prohibited.—All bending or tipping of traps between floor-joists must be avoided.

(9.) Position of Traps.—In all cases traps are to be placed as close to fixtures as possible, and unless the trap is open to view a ready means of access thereto shall be provided.

Plumbing.

(10.) Workmanship.—All plumbing to be done in a thorough manner.

(11.) Angles in Ventilating-shafts.—Angles in any ventilating-shaft of sheet-iron piping are to be avoided where possible, and no sharp angles are to be used in any case.

(12.) Pipes through Roofs.—Where pipes pass through the roof, an absolutely watertight joint shall be made around the pipe. A flashing-piece of ordinary flat galvanised iron or sheet lead shall be used for the purpose, and this shall be soldered to the roof and to the piping, if of galvanised iron. Where the piping is of cast or wrought iron, or where the roof is covered with tiles or slates, such flashing-piece shall be fixed to the approval of the Resident Officer.

(13.) Pipes through Floors or Walls.—Wherever pipes pass through floors or walls the holes shall be neatly cut and perfectly closed round the pipes.

(14.) Clips for Vertical Pipes.—All vertical pipes shall be properly supported by hard-metal clips placed at short and equal distances, and securely fastened by screws to finished boards or wall-cleats.

(15.) Support for Horizontal or Graded Pipes.—Horizontal or graded lead pipes shall be properly supported throughout their whole length to prevent sagging, and shall be properly fastened and kept in place by lead clips bent to the shape of the pipes, placed at frequent intervals, and fastened to the boards by screws.

(16.) Testing.—Upon the completion of the work the tightness of the joints and soundness of the work shall be tested by the plumber in the presence of the Resident Officer or his representative. All openings in such pipes shall be securely stopped, and the whole system of pipes tested by hydraulic or other approved test. If any of these tests shall reveal a leakage, the same shall be made good, and the pipes again tested until proved satisfactory.

30. Ventilating-shafts.—(1.) On the sewer side of every disconnecting-trap a ventilation-shaft shall be fixed, having an internal diameter of 4 in. The connection shall be made on the top of the drain by means of a Y branch. No part of such shaft shall be placed inside any building. Such shaft shall be carried up vertically to such a height as to effectively prevent any escape of foul air from such shaft into any building, and in no case to a less height than 3 ft. above the ridge of the roof of the building to which it is attached. The minimum height of such shaft shall be 20 ft. above the level of the ground adjacent to the same.

(2.) A cap or cowl of an approved pattern shall be fixed on the top of the shaft.

(3.) The outlet of the ventilation-shaft shall be not less than 6 ft. measured in any direction from any window, or chimney-top, or door, and not less than 30 ft. from any window or other opening at or above the level of such outlet.

(4.) No connection other than with the drain shall be made in any such ventilation-shaft.

(5.) The underground portion of every such ventilation-shaft shall be of earthenware drainpipes, or of cast-iron pipes with lead-caulked joints.

(6.) To a height of 6 ft. above the surface of the ground such shaft shall be of cast iron, not less than ⅛ in. in thickness, similarly jointed, or of screwed wrought-iron piping, and from there to the outlet the shaft shall be of galvanised iron. The connection between the earthenware and the metal pipes shall be made with cement, and shall, together with all other joints, be perfectly tight.

(7.) No bend or angle shall (except where unavoidable) be formed in the shaft.

31. Terminal Ventilation-shaft.—(1.) At the highest point in the drainage-system of any premises, and, when required by the Resident Officer, at the end of any and all branch drains in such system, a terminal ventilation-shaft of not less than 3 in. internal diameter shall be erected.

(2.) All the provisions of the last preceding clause of these by-laws shall extend and apply to every such terminal ventilation-shaft.

(3.) Where any water-closet is ventilated, or where there is a continuation upwards of the soilpipe, the ventilation-shaft so provided shall take the place of the terminal ventilation-shaft although such water-closet may not be at the highest point of the drainage-system: Provided that the distance between the junction of the soilpipe with the drain, and the highest point of the drain, is not more than 30 ft. And provided further that the ventilation-shaft so provided shall comply with the foregoing requirements concerning terminal ventilation-shafts (so far as they are applicable).

Waste-pipes, Ventilators, &c.

32. Specifications and Conditions for Sanitary Appliances.—No person shall construct, alter, or repair any sanitary fitting or appliance mentioned in this clause, unless all works in con-