1056
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 29

of mercurial thermometers and methods of ascertaining the fixed points. Expansion of solids; determination of the coefficient of linear expansion of a solid; effects and applications of unequal expansion. Real and apparent expansion of liquids; determination of the coefficient of apparent expansion of mercury; expansion of water. Expansion of gases; determination of the coefficient of expansion of gases; the air thermometer; absolute zero of temperature deduced from air thermometer. Transmission of heat; conduction in solids and liquids; the safety-lamp; convection in liquids and gases; hot-water heating systems; ocean currents; ventilation. Laws of fusion and solidification; determination of melting-points and of the latent heat of water; effects of change of volume. Evaporation and boiling; the laws of boiling, and the causes affecting the evaporation and boiling-points of liquids; determination of boiling-points, and of the latent heat of steam. Condensation of aqueous vapour; the dew-point and its measurement; hygrometry; clouds, rain, snow, and hail. The unit of heat; capacity for heat; specific heat; methods of finding the specific heat of solids and liquids; consequences of the high specific heat of water. Reflection, refraction, transmission, and absorption of radiant energy. Newton’s law of cooling.

Light: Propagation and velocity of light; pencils and rays, pinhole images; illuminating-power; intensity of light; shadows and penumbrae; eclipses; photometry. Reflection of light; irregular reflection; formation of images in a plane mirror, in parallel and in inclined-plane mirrors; the sextant; reflection of light from curved surfaces; determination of the principal foci of concave and convex spherical mirrors; real and virtual images; conjugate foci. Refraction; refractive index; total reflection; transmission of light through a plate, a prism, and a lens; convex and concave lenses; determination of the principal focus of a lens; real and virtual images; conjugate foci; geometrical methods of finding the position of a small object in front of a plane mirror or on the axis of a mirror or lens; relative sizes of an object and of its images formed by mirrors and lenses; interference, double refraction, simple plane polarisation. The telescope, the microscope, the camera; the eye as an optical instrument. Composition of light; prismatic dispersion; the spectroscope; colour.

(14.) Magnetism and Electricity.—Candidates will be expected to show an experimental as well as a theoretical knowledge of the fundamental laws of magnetism and electricity, but will not be expected to show any further knowledge of pure mathematics than what is demanded in subject (10) Arithmetic and Algebra, and subject (11) Geometry and Trigonometry.

Magnetism: Natural and artificial magnets, their parts and properties; tests of permanent magnetization; mutual action of the poles of two bar magnets of equal strength; astatic system; methods of magnetization; notion of a molecular magnet; breaking a magnetized needle; magnetization of a tube of filings; intermediate poles; effects of concussion, heat, and corrosion on a magnet; magnetic saturation; coercive force; retentivity; laws of magnetic force; unit magnet pole; the magnetic field and lines of force; magnetic influence; keepers, and their use; action of a strong magnet on a weak magnetic needle near it; intensity of field and of magnetization; magnetic moment; permeability and susceptibility; hysteresis; graphic representation of the distribution of free magnetism along a bar magnet, and of the lines of force due to a bar magnet, to a horse-shoe magnet without and with its keeper, to various groups of bar magnets, and to pieces of soft iron in the field of