3054
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 98

the last half-century; the influence of the co-operative movement; the rise and growth of large companies and trusts; the growth of banking; the adoption of the gold standard; and the history of general prices.

(33.) Psychology and Ethics.—(a.) Scope and method of psychology; classification of mental elements; the physiology of the nervous system; body and mind; consciousness; human and animal intelligence; sense-perception; representation; law of association; memory; the constructive imagination; conception; judgment; reasoning; thought and language; attention; apperception; space and time; illusions. (b.) Desire; moral deliberation; habit; freedom of the will; origin of moral distinctions; moral obligations and conscience; nature of virtue; duty and virtue; merit and demerit; duties and rights.

(34.) Logic, Deductive and Inductive.—Doctrine of terms, including division, definition, and the predicables; doctrine of the judgment, including the forms of immediate inference; doctrine of the syllogism; the fallacies; causation and the uniformity of nature; observation and experiment; inductio per enumerationem simplicem; analogy; the inductive methods; hypothesis; classification.

(35.) Commercial Geography.—The producing and distributing of commercial commodities, especially food and food-stuffs, raw and manufactured products, and minerals; the various facilities for trade and hindrances to trade. The paper will have special reference to Great Britain, to New Zealand, to Australia and the Pacific islands, and to America, dealing with the chief geographical and local conditions under which commodities are produced and distributed, with the chief trade routes and means of transit, with currencies, with social and political conditions affecting or likely to affect trade with New Zealand, with ports or harbours, coaling-stations, the chief post and telegraph routes, the distribution of population, of minerals, of forests, and of vegetable products; the necessary conditions of development in manufactures, agriculture, and commerce; the distribution of industries, the distribution of forests and of the main timber trees, the distribution of density of population, railway-routes and trade-lines, routes by sea to countries with which most trade is done. The candidate should also know what special inducement is offered by the Government of New Zealand to any given trade, and what exports and imports are carried on under special Government supervision or regulation.

(36.) Accounting.—Approximate and contracted methods of calculation. Areas and volumes of rectangular figures, and other simple figures required in commerce. Metrical weights and measures. The object and value of book-keeping. Double entry, its meaning and advantages. The form, nature, and classification of accounts. The balancing and closing of accounts. The explanation of simple commercial terms, such as debit, credit, balance, profit (gross and net), interest, discount, commission, insurance, assets, liabilities, capital, bankruptcy, composition, bad debts, trial balance, company (limited and unlimited), invoice, receipt, voucher, cheque, bill of exchange. A knowledge of the transactions involved and the special terms used in connection with cheques, promissory notes, and bills of exchange. The form, use, and method of keeping the cash-book, the purchase-book or invoice-book, the sales-book or day-book, the journal, and the ledger. Journalising an easy set of transactions, posting the journal, taking out trial balance, preparing profit-and-loss account and balance-sheet. General principles of the “columnar” system and the “index” or “card” system. The prevention,