Nov. 29.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 3053

barrenness and of exhaustion of soil; the importance of good soil and how to obtain it. Value of drainage and irrigation; method of carrying out these operations. Importance of moisture in soil; how water is held in the soil; how the capacity for moisture in the soil may be increased; the conservation of moisture, indications that land needs draining. Tillage; its effects on soil; methods and implements for tillage. The enrichment of the soil and the object of it; farm resources, their value and management. Classification, composition, properties, and management of manures; indications determining the selection of manures; soils and crops for which manures are best suited. The plant in its relation to soil, climate, animal life and man; how the plant lives; the factors of growth; the food of plants, how and whence plants procure food; root-distribution. How plants are propagated; importance of a good seed-bed and of good seed; seed-testing; preparation and care of the seed-bed. How plants adapt themselves to, and are influenced by, their surroundings. The chief characters, management, and care of the principal crops; selection of suitable soils and situations; rotation of crops; objects of grafting and pruning; enemies of plants, preventives and remedies; intertillage of crops; eradication of weeds. Making new kinds of plants.

Groups V and VI.

(28.) General History.—Candidates will be required to show a knowledge of the course and of the principal events of European history from the year 1680 to 1880, with some acquaintance with earlier circumstances that affected the character and course of after-history; also some knowledge of the history of British colonisation, and of the United States of America.

(29.) English Constitutional History.—Constitutional history of England. The paper will be similar to the paper set for the B.A. examination of the New Zealand University, but it will be somewhat easier.

(30.) Jurisprudence.—Jurisprudence regarded as an introduction to the study of English and Roman Law; definitions of law and sovereignty. Law—its origin, forms, principles of classification, and leading divisions; analysis of pervading notions, and comparison of leading principles of English and Roman Law. (A knowledge of the details of English and Roman Law is not required.)

(31.) Economics.—The general economics of the production, consumption, distribution, and exchange of wealth; problems of industrial organization; proposed remedies for low wages; co-operation; trade-unions; strikes; effects of industrial improvements; trade monopolies and combinations; overproduction; immigration; land-tenures; land-nationalisation; land rating and taxation; international trade; free trade and protection; preferential trade; economic functions of government; State regulation of labour and labour disputes. Special regard will be had to those features of the subjects enumerated that have a direct bearing on current problems of New Zealand life and industry.

(32.) Economic History.—The outlines of the industrial and commercial development of Great Britain, the questions being mainly chosen so as to deal with the period subsequent to 1760, and to include—The effects of the introduction of machinery upon industry and trade; changes in industrial organization; the development of transport and the distribution of products; the economic effect of the Napoleonic wars; movements of foreign trade; the effects of protective tariffs upon production and distribution; trade-unionism, with especial regard to its effects in raising or lowering the standard of wages and industrial efficiency in Great Britain and New Zealand during