1484
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
No. 43

111. If collision ensues from a breach of the regulations, who is to be deemed in fault for the collision? The person by whom the regulations are infringed, unless the Court hearing the case decides to the contrary.

112. Is there any special rule for steam-vessels navigating narrow channels? In narrow channels every steam-vessel must, when it is safe and practicable, keep to that side of the fairway or midchannel which is on the starboard side of such vessel.

113. Do the regulations for preventing collisions at sea apply to seagoing-vessels in harbours and in rivers? Yes; unless there is any rule to the contrary made by a competent authority.

114. Do they apply to British vessels only? No, to foreign vessels as well, with the exception of paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f), and (g) of Article 10 of the Order in Council of the 11th August, 1884, and Orders in Council of the 30th December, 1884, 24th June, 1885, and 7th July, 1897, which apply only to British vessels.

115. Do you know where the present regulations are to be found? Yes, in Article 10 of the Order in Council of the 11th August, 1884, and in the Orders in Council of the 30th December, 1884, 24th June, 1885, 27th November, 1896, and 7th July, 1897.

116. Is one vessel bound to assist another in case of collision? Yes.

117. What is the penalty for default? If the master or person in charge of the vessel fails to render assistance without reasonable excuse, the collision is, in absence of proof to the contrary, to be deemed to be caused by his wrongful act, neglect, or default.

118. Is there any other penalty attached to not rendering assistance? Yes. If it is afterwards proved that he did not render assistance, his certificate may be cancelled or suspended by the Court investigating the case.

119. Is it not expected that you should understand the regulations before you take charge of the deck of a vessel? It is.

120. Why? If I do not understand them and am guilty of default the consequences will be very serious to me?

121. What would be a serious offence? To cause a collision by porting the helm, or doing anything not required by the regulations and without due consideration.

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AIDS TO MEMORY, in Four Verses, by the late Mr. THOMAS GRAY, C.R

1. Two Steamships meeting.
   When both side-lights you see ahead,
   Port your helm and show your RED.

2. Two Steamships passing.
   GREEN to GREEN, or RED to RED—
   Perfect safety—Go ahead!

3. Two Steamships crossing.
   NOTE.—This is the position of the greatest danger: there is nothing for it but good look-out, caution, and judgment.
   If to your starboard RED appear,
   It is your duty to keep clear;
   To act as judgment says is proper—
   To Port—or Starboard—Back—or Stop her.
   But when upon your Port is seen
   A Steamer’s Starboard Light of GREEN,
   There’s not so much for you to do,
   For GREEN to Port keeps clear of you.

4. All Ships must keep a good look-out, and Steamships must stop and go astern if necessary.
   Both in safety and in doubt
   Always keep a good look-out;
   In danger, with no room to turn,
   Ease her, stop her, go astern.

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APPENDIX F.

SIGNALS TO BE MADE BY SHIPS WANTING A PILOT.

In the Daytime.—The following signals, numbered 1 and 2, when used or displayed together or separately, shall be deemed to be signals for a pilot in the daytime, viz.:

(1.) To be hoisted at the fore, the Union Jack, having round it a white border one-fifth of the breadth of the flag; or

(2.) The International Code pilotage signal indicated by P.T.

(3.) The International Code flag S, with or without the Code pennant over it.

(4.) The distant signal, consisting of a cone point upwards, having above it two balls or shapes resembling balls.

At Night.—The following signals, numbered 1 and 2, when used or displayed together or separately, shall be deemed to be signals for a pilot at night, viz.:

(1.) The pyrotechnic light commonly known as a blue light every fifteen minutes; or

(2.) A bright white light, flashed or shown at short or frequent intervals just above the bulwarks, for about a minute at a time.

If a master of a vessel uses or displays, or causes or permits any person under his authority to use or display, any of the pilot-signals for any other purpose than that of summoning a pilot, or uses or causes or permits any person under his authority to use any other signal for a pilot, he shall for each offence be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty pounds. (“Merchant Shipping Act, 1894,” section 615 (3))

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APPENDIX G.

EXAMINATION IN CHART.

For all Grades where the Chart is used, including Home-trade Ship Certificates, with the exception mentioned in note below.

[The candidate will be required to work out the following questions on either a “true” or “magnetic” chart,† whichever may be handed to him by the Examiner; and also determine whether the chart is a “true” or “magnetic” one, and whether it is for the Northern or Southern, and Eastern or Western Hemisphere.]

1. Using deviation [card] [curve]‡ No. find the course to steer by compass from to ; also the distance.

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• In the examination for master of fishing-boats and cargo-vessels and small sailing-vessels carrying passengers in restricted limits only “magnetic” charts are used.

† The terms “true” and “magnetic” are used for the sake of brevity and convenience, to indicate charts that have compasses delineated upon them showing the “true” or “magnetic” points of the compass respectively.

‡ A candidate for an ordinary master’s certificate is expected to use either a card of deviations, or a curve of deviations on a Napier’s diagram, whichever the Examiner may put before him