2284
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 83

(b.) Freehand drawing in outline: The candidate shall be required to make a drawing from a cast or from a photograph of a cast of an ornament, or from a diagram of a simple ornament or natural form. The drawing must not be of the same size as the example provided. No ruling, measuring, tracing, or use of instruments will be allowed.

(c.) Model-drawing: The candidate shall be required to draw the group of objects placed before him, including the board on which it stands. The group may consist of three or more geometrical models and vases (as described in the Directory of the Board of Education, South Kensington, London), or of some simple common objects. No ruling, measuring, or use of instruments will be allowed; but the pencil may be held between the eye and the objects for the purpose of estimating apparent relative size.

(d.) Geometrical drawing: — Plane geometry: Simple problems relating to straight lines and angles, and to the construction of triangles and quadrilaterals. To divide a given line proportionally to a given divided line; to find the mean or the third proportional to two given lines; to find the fourth proportional to three given lines. Scale drawing and the method of making an enlargement or a reduction of a given diagram. Simple problems relating to circles and straight lines. Construction of a regular polygon of n sides, one of the sides or the circumscribing circle being given. Construction of similar figures. Construction of three-sided and four-sided rectilinear figures of given area. Given two similar figures, to construct a third figure similar to them, and having an area equal to the sum or to the difference of the areas of the given figures. The reduction of any given rectilinear figure to a triangle of the same area.

Solid geometry: Plans and elevations of straight lines and plane figures variously placed with regard to the horizontal plane, and of simple geometrical solids having one face or one edge in the horizontal plane. Sections of such solids by vertical and by horizontal planes; the method of finding the true form of a section.

(e.) Perspective: — (i.) The representation in perspective of lines or surfaces on or parallel or perpendicular to the ground plane, and either parallel or perpendicular or obliquely inclined to the picture plane, or obliquely inclined to the ground plane and parallel or perpendicular to the picture plane, but not obliquely inclined to both planes. (ii.) The representation in perspective, from plans and elevations or from specifications, of simple geometrical solids or common objects of plane or cylindrical or conical surfaces, the leading constructive lines of which are in one or the other of the positions indicated in (i.). (iii.) To find and describe from given perspective views the actual dimensions and position of an object placed in accordance with the conditions indicated in (ii.).

(f.) Brush drawing: — Brush impressions and brush strokes. The application of these elements to the ornamentation of given geometric spaces and to the production of simple borders and patterns. The drawing of simple leaf, flower, and plant forms, and the adaptation of these forms to decorative purposes.

Candidates are required to pass in at least three branches, of which blackboard drawing shall be one. A candidate that passes in all the branches shall receive a special certificate of having so passed. A candidate that has obtained a second-class certificate at the examinations of the Board of Education, South Kensington, London, in any of the above divisions will be exempted from examination in the divisions in which he has so passed.

(6.) Elementary Human Physiology. — The chief differences between animals and plants, especially as regards nutrition. Structure of bone and of cartilage; the principal bones and the general arrangement of the skeleton; structure of the principal joints. Muscles, their structure, mode of attachment, and functions. The structure and functions of the vocal organs. The alimentary tract, and the function of alimentation. The lymphatic system. The heart and the circulatory system in general, including the physical composition and functions of the blood. Respiration and the respiratory organs. Glands, especially those concerned in alimentation; their structure, and the general function of secretion. Structure and functions of the skin and of the kidneys. Structure and function of nerve; the chief features of the central nervous system; distinction between afferent and efferent nerves; reflex action. The organs of sense, especially the ear and the eye. Candidates should be able to show that they are familiar with the more important steps to be taken in dissecting, say, a rabbit.

(7.) Methods of Teaching. — The methods of teaching the subjects taught in the public schools; the methods and principles of infant teaching; notes of lessons; registers and returns.

(8) and (9). English and Geography. — See (3).

(10) and (11). Greek and Latin. — Questions in grammar; translation of easy passages, at sight, from and into the language in which the candidate is to be examined. Great importance will be attached to translation from and into the language chosen. The questions in grammar will be limited, generally, to points arising from the passages for translation.

(12), (13), (14), (15), and (16). French, German, Italian, Spanish, and Maori. — As in Greek and Latin, but the papers not so elementary.

Group II.

(17.) Elementary Mathematics. — (a.) Algebra: — Fundamental operations; factors; common multiples and divisors; fractions; simple equations involving one or two unknown quantities, and easy quadratic equations involving one unknown quantity; easy problems; graphs of simple algebraical functions within the limits of the foregoing work, and graphical methods of solving simple equations involving two unknown quantities.

(b.) Geometry: — The ground covered by Euclid in Book I., and in propositions 1 to 7 and 11 to 14 of Book II. The constructions and proofs of problems or theorems need not be the same as Euclid’s. The theorems may be proved without regard to the order of the problems of construction; but one theorem must not be made to depend on another theorem if in Euclid the latter is, directly or indirectly, dependent on the former. Similarly, the solutions of the problems of construction may be independent of the order of the theorems; but one problem of construction must not be made to depend on another if in Euclid the latter is, directly or indirectly, dependent on the former.

(18.) Elementary Theoretical Mechanics. — Candidates will not be expected to show any further knowledge of pure mathematics than what is demanded in subject (17) Elementary Mathematics. — Solids: — The British and metric systems of measurement. General and specific properties of bodies; relative and absolute motion; rest; distinction between mass and weight; density and relative density; uniform and variable velocity; measure of velocity; force and momentum; acceleration; acceleration due to gravity; representation of forces; composition of two forces acting at a point along parallel or intersecting lines; equilibrium of two or more forces acting at a point; moments of forces; composition of parallel forces; couples; centre of parallel forces; conditions of equilibrium in case of levers, wheel and axle, pulleys, inclined plane, wedge, and screw. Gravitation; centre of gravity, its position in simple cases determined by experiment; stable, unstable, and neutral equilibrium; the balance; requisites of a good balance.

Fluids: — Distinction between fluids and liquids; experiments illustrating transmission of pressure through a liquid; vertical upward and downward pressure; equilibrium of a liquid in a single vessel and in communicating vessels; the water-level; artesian wells; pressure on immersed bodies; principle of Archimedes; determination of the volume of an insoluble solid; equilibrium of floating bodies; the metacentre; stability of flotation; determination of the density of insoluble solids and of liquids by the balance and by the specific-gravity bottle. Physical properties of gases; weight of a body in air and in a vacuum; Torricelli’s experiment; the barometer; verification of Boyle’s law; the siphon; the air pump; the suction pump; the force pump.

Group III.

(19.) Sound, Light, and Heat. — Candidates will not be expected to show any further knowledge of pure mathematics than what is demanded in subject (17) Elementary Mathematics. — A candidate may answer questions in either (a) Sound and light, or (b) Heat; but no candidate shall be required to answer questions in both (a) and (b).

Sound: — Production of sound; vibrations of sounding bodies; the tuning-fork; amplitude and frequency of vibrations; pitch and intensity; causes influencing intensity; velocity of sound in various media, especially in air; sound-waves; wave-lengths; laws of reflection of sound; echoes; resonance; interference of sound-waves.

Light: — Propagation and velocity of light; pencils and rays; pinhole images; illuminating-power; intensity of light; effect of varying the distance of a luminous point; shadows and penumbrae; eclipses; photometry. Reflection of light; irregular reflection; the formation of images in a