Oct. 9.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 2261

that behalf, shall be provided between the main drain or other drain of the building and the sewer or other means of drainage with which such drain may lawfully communicate. Such opening shall also in every case be situated on that side of the trap which is nearer to the building. The second opening shall be obtained by carrying up, from a point in the drains as far distant as may be practicable from the point at which the first-mentioned opening shall be situated, a pipe or shaft vertically to such a height and in such a manner as effectively to prevent any escape of foul air from such pipe or shaft into any building in the vicinity thereof: inlet to be distant at least 7 ft., and as far as practicable from any window or door; outlet to be higher than ridge or chimney and 6 ft. distant from any window or opening or chimney.

(b.) In every case where the foregoing arrangement of openings to the drains may be impracticable there shall be substituted the arrangement hereinafter prescribed. One opening shall be obtained by carrying up, from a point as near as may be practicable to the trap which, in pursuance of any by-law in that behalf, shall be provided between the main drain or other drain of the building and the sewer or other means of drainage with which such drain may lawfully communicate, a pipe or shaft vertically to such a height and in such a manner as effectively to prevent any escape of foul air from such pipe or shaft into any building in the vicinity thereof. Such opening shall also in every case be situated on that side of the trap which is the nearer to the building. The second opening, being at a point in the drains as far distant as may be practicable from the point at which such last-mentioned pipe or shaft shall be carried up, shall be at or near the level of the surface of the ground adjoining such opening, and shall communicate with the drains by means of a suitable pipe or shaft.

(2.) Every such owner or occupier shall cause every opening provided in accordance with either of the arrangements hereinbefore specified to be finished with a suitable grating or other suitable cover for the purpose of preventing any obstruction in or injury to any pipe or drain by the introduction of any substance through any such opening. He shall, in every case, cause such grating or cover to be so constructed and fitted as to secure the free passage of air through such grating or cover by means of a sufficient number of apertures, of which the aggregate extent shall be not less than the sectional area of the pipe or drain to which such grating or cover may be fitted, and where necessary such aperture shall be fitted with a mica flap.

(3.) Every pipe or shaft which may be used in connection with either of the arrangements hereinbefore specified shall be of a sectional area not less than that of the drain with which such pipe or shaft may communicate, and not less in any case than the sectional area of a pipe or shaft of the diameter of 4 in.

(4.) No angle shall (except by the special authority and permission of the Board) be formed in any pipe or shaft used in connection with either of the arrangements hereinbefore specified.

(5.) Every shaft used as a ventilating-pipe must be provided with an approved cowl.

(6.) Provided always that, for the purpose of either of the arrangements hereinbefore specified, the soil-pipe of any water-closet, in every case where the situation, sectional area, height, and mode of construction of such soil-pipe shall be in accordance with the requirements applicable to the pipe or shaft to be carried up from the drain, may be deemed to provide the necessary opening for ventilation which would otherwise be obtained by means of such last-mentioned pipe or shaft.

Materials and dimensions for pipes and appliances.

17. No person shall construct any soil-pipe, waste-pipe, or other pipe whatsoever in connection with drainage or sewerage which is not of the best quality, and of the following weights and dimensions:—

(a.) Lead soil-pipe to be not less than 4 in. internal diameter, and made of lead equal to 7 lb. per superficial foot, or of equal thickness throughout of 7/64 in.

(b.) Waste-pipes from urinals to be of not less than 1½ in. internal diameter, and to be made of lead not less than 7 lb. per superficial foot, or of equal thickness throughout of 7/64 in.

Where two or more urinals are connected with same waste-pipe, the internal diameter of such waste-pipe shall be not less than 2 in.

(c.) Waste-pipes from housemaids’-slops sinks to be not less than 2½ in. internal diameter, and to be made of lead equal to 7 lb. per superficial foot, or of equal thickness throughout of 7/64 in.

(d.) Waste-pipes from baths to be not less than 1½ in. internal diameter, and made of lead equal to 6 lb. per superficial foot, or of an equal thickness throughout of 3/32 in.

(e.) Waste-pipes from lavatories, wash-basins, &c., to be not less than 1¼ in. internal diameter. Where two or more basins are connected with one waste, the internal diameter of such waste shall not be less than 2 in. internal diameter. Pipes to be made of lead equal to 6 lb. per superficial foot, or of equal thickness throughout of 3/32 in.

(f.) All waste-pipes from urinals, housemaids’-slops sinks, lavatories, wash-basins, baths, to be trapped and properly vented; the traps in each case to be placed, unless otherwise directed, as near the outlet of fitting as possible.

(g.) Waste-pipes from kitchen and pantry sinks shall be not less than 2 in. internal diameter, and made of lead equal to 6 lb. per superficial foot, or of equal thickness throughout of 3/32 in.

Subject to the previous approval of the Board in writing, galvanised-iron waste-pipe of No. 24 gauge may be used in special cases.

Waste-pipes from tubs outside main buildings may be of galvanised iron, No. 24 gauge.

When directed by the Engineer, all waste-pipes shall be submitted to the same test as directed for soil-pipes.

(h.) All vent-pipes to be of the same diameter as the waste-pipes to which they are connected. The main ventilating-pipe may consist of No. 22 B.W.G. galvanised iron, with double lap and soldered joints; but for a height of 8 ft. from the surface it must be of wrought-iron piping with screwed joints, or of cast-iron with lead or rust joints, all joints being perfectly air-tight.

(i.) In no case shall the outlet from any appliance have a less clear area than the waste-pipe leading therefrom.

Cast-iron soil-pipes.

18. Where cast-iron pipes are used for soil-pipes they shall be of uniform thickness throughout of not less than 3/16 in., or equal in weight to not less than 23 lb. per lineal yard. The sockets of pipes to be not less than 2 in. in depth, and joints to be made with gasket and lead or other approved material. Where joints are made in lead it is to be run in full, and well caulked in all round, and set up with proper caulking-tools. On no account will cement or putty joints be permitted.

Wiped joints.

19. All joints of lead soil-pipes and waste-pipes to be of the kind known as wiped joints.

Provision for testing of joints, &c.

20. All soil and waste pipes shall be as direct as possible, and all parts of the work shall be so arranged that they may be at all times readily examined and repaired. Before fixtures are placed in connection with the plumbing of every house or building, and before the soil-pipe is connected with the drains, the outlet of the soil-pipe and all openings into it shall be hermetically sealed. The pipe shall then be filled with water to its top, and every joint shall be carefully examined for leakage, and all leaks shall be securely closed before connection with the soil-pipes are made, except that in cases of inspection of plumbing already existing the peppermint or smoke test may be substituted by the Engineer.

Openings for ventilation.

21. All openings for ventilation made in accordance with this by-law shall at all times be kept open and perfectly free from obstructions. Every owner or occupier of any house, tenement, or land shall at all times see that all openings to the drains of such house, tenement, or land, whether for ventilation or otherwise, and that all traps and other fittings, are at all times in good order, clean, and free from obstruction.

Officer of Board may enter premises.

22. Any officer of the Board, acting under their authority in writing, under the hand of the Engineer, and under seal, may enter between sunrise and sunset any house or premises connected with the sewers, in order to examine whether the drains or other fittings in such house or premises are in proper order. Any person refusing such admission, or in any way hindering such officer in the execution of his duty, shall be liable to a penalty as hereinbefore mentioned.