2260
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 81

Right-angle junction not permitted.
(g.) He shall not cause or allow any right-angle junctions to be constructed or used, and he shall cause all curves to be formed by means of proper bend-pipes.

Drains to be in straight lines.
(h.) He shall cause every house-drain to be laid in straight lines, and where changes of direction occur he shall cause the same to be made by open man-holes when practicable, in such manner as the Board shall previously approve of.

Grades of sewers.
(i.) He shall cause all pipes or house-drains to be laid with true gradients, and shall cause the inclination of the same to be as steep as the circumstances will permit, but he shall in no case cause or permit such inclination to be less than 1 ft. in 44 ft. for 4 in. pipes, or 1 ft. in 76 ft. for 6 in. pipes, unless special permission be granted by the Engineer, in writing.

Joints of pipes.
(j.) He shall cause all pipes to be carefully bedded on the barrel, on the solid ground, and shall cause all joints to be made with cement mortar, mixed in the proportion of one of cement to two of sand. All such joints shall be wiped smooth internally.

Concrete foundation.
(k.) In all cases where the Board or their Inspector shall so direct he shall cause all pipes to be bedded on concrete of proportions of one of cement, two of clean sand, and four of stone, broken to 1½ in. gauge, or one cement to six gravel approved of by such Inspector.

Joints in bad ground.
(l.) He shall cause the following description of jointing to be carried out as circumstances require, viz. : In sandy ground the joints to be made with well-soaked gasket half depth of socket, and finished with cement mortar, as described in regulations. After the jointing is done the pipe is to be wiped clean of surplus mortar, and left perfectly clean on the inside before another pipe is laid. In water-charged, sandy ground, cast-iron pipes with gasket and lead joints, or stoneware pipes with gasket with full cement joints on concrete foundations, as may be directed, are to be used, and every precaution must be taken to prevent the entrance of sand or silt into the sewer-pipes.

House-drains to be trapped from sewer.
6. The owner or occupier of every house or tenement shall cause every house-drain of such house or tenement to be provided with a suitable disconnector-trap at a point as distant as may be practicable from such house or tenement, and as near as may be practicable to the point at which such drain may be connected with the public sewer or other means of drainage, but if possible within the boundaries of the property.

Works to be inspected.
7. All work connected in any way with the sewerage or drainage of any house, tenement, or land shall be inspected by an officer appointed by the Board for that purpose, and every person engaged upon such work shall afford every facility to such officer for making such inspection.

No work to be covered up until inspected.
8. No underground or enclosed work connected in any way with the sewerage or drainage of any house, tenement, or land shall on any account be covered up or concealed from view until the same shall have been duly inspected and passed by the Inspector of the Board.

Position of water-closet.
9. Every person who shall construct a water-closet in a building shall construct such water-closet in such a position that one of its sides at least shall be an external wall of such building, and not otherwise, unless by special permission granted by the Board.

Every water-closet to have external window.
10. In every water-closet in connection with any house, tenement, or land, whether the situation of such water-closet be or be not within such house, tenement, or land, there shall be constructed by the owner or occupier, in one of the walls of such water-closet, a window of not less dimension than 2 ft. by 1 ft., exclusive of the frame, and opening directly into the external air, and not otherwise, unless by special permission granted by the Board.

Water-closets to have additional and permanent ventilation.
(x.) There shall, in addition to such window, be provided by such owner or occupier adequate means of constant ventilation by at least one air-brick built in an external wall of such water-closet, or by an air-shaft, or by some other effectual method or appliance for ventilation.

Water-closet cistern.
11. Every owner or occupier of any house, tenement, or land in which a water-closet is constructed or used shall cause such water-closet to be supplied with a proper supply-cistern fitted immediately over the closet, which shall on no account be used for any other purpose. He shall also cause the following fittings to be constructed : The downpipe from such cistern shall be lead pipe, of lead equal to 7 lb. per square foot, and shall in no case be less than 1¼ in. internal diameter, and shall be fitted as straight as possible under the circumstances. The bottom of every such cistern shall be at least 6 ft. clear above the closet-seat, but in cases where this distance cannot be obtained in existing buildings without structural alteration 4 ft. will be allowed, but the internal diameter of the downpipe must then be 1½ in., of lead equal to 7 lb. per square foot. Every such cistern shall be made and maintained of such materials and dimensions, and of such plan of construction, and with ball cocks, stopcocks, down and waste pipes, and other appliances as shall be deemed requisite by the Board to prevent waste of water. In connection with every such cistern there shall be provided a service-box or compartment which will discharge not less than three gallons at each flush.

Storage of water.
12. The owner or occupier of every house, tenement, factory, institution, or place, public or private, shall provide the same with means of storing water for flushing and cleansing the pipes, drains, traps, and apparatus of water-closets and urinals connected therewith in the event of a temporary stoppage of water-supply or otherwise, and such tanks or cisterns shall be of such capacity, dimensions, or arrangement as to contain in the aggregate a quantity of water equal to two days’ supply of three gallons per head per diem, according to the possible requirements of such house, tenement, factory, institution, or place.

Flushing apparatus for water-closets, urinals, housemaid’s-slops sinks.
13. Every owner or occupier of any house, tenement, or land in which a water-closet, urinal, or housemaid’s-slops sink is constructed or used shall furnish such water-closet, urinal, or housemaid’s-slops sink with a suitable apparatus for the effectual application of water to any pan, basin, or other receptacle with which such apparatus shall be connected and used, and for the effectual flushing and cleansing of such pan, basin, or other receptacle, and for the prompt and effectual removal therefrom of any solid or liquid filth which may from time to time be deposited therein.

Cisterns and appliances to be of materials and designs approved by the Board.
14. No person shall erect or use any cistern or other apparatus in connection with any closet, urinal, or housemaid’s-slops sink which is not made of such materials and dimensions, and of such model or plan of construction, and with such ball cocks, stopcocks, waste-pipes, and other appliances as shall have been approved by the Board.

Water-closet to have proper basin.
15. Every owner or occupier of any house, tenement, or lands in which a water-closet is constructed or used shall furnish such water-closet with a pan, basin, or other suitable receptacle of a non-absorbent material, and of such shape, of such capacity, and of such mode of construction as to receive and contain a sufficient quantity of water and to allow all filth which may from time to time be deposited in such pan, basin, or receptacle to fall free of the sides thereof, and directly into the water received and contained in such pan, basin, or receptacle.

Ventilation.
16. Every owner or occupier of any house, tenement, or lands shall comply with the following requirements, viz. :—
(1.) He shall provide at least two untrapped openings to the drains of such house, tenements, or lands, and in the provision of such openings he shall adopt such of the two arrangements hereinafter specified as the circumstances of the case may render the more suitable and effectual, that is to say :—
(a.) One opening being at or near the level of the surface of the ground adjoining, such opening shall communicate with the drains by means of a suitable pipe, shaft, or disconnecting-chamber, and shall be situated as near as may be practicable to the trap which, in pursuance of any by-law in