760
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 34

CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY FOR FOREIGN-GOING STEAMSHIPS.

Second Mate.

8. Examination in Navigation.—The examination in navigation, &c., for a second mate’s certificate for foreign-going steamships will be precisely the same as that prescribed for an ordinary second mate’s certificate.

9. Examination in Seamanship.—The candidate must understand and be able to give satisfactory answers as to the following subjects :—

   (a.) The standing and running rigging of steamships.
   (b.) Bending, unbending, setting, reefing, taking in, and furling sail.
   (c.) Sending masts and yards up and down, &c.
   (d.) Seeing everything in readiness and clear for getting under way, and the precautions to be then observed with regard to engines, propeller, &c.
   (e.) Management of a steamship when under canvas.
   (f.) Management of a ship’s boat in heavy weather.
   (g.) Dunnaging and stowing cargo, &c.
   (h.) The rule of the road as regards both steamers and sailing-vessels, their regulation lights, and fog and sound signals.
   (i.) Signals of distress, and signals to be made by ships wanting a pilot, and the liabilities and penalties incurred by the misuse of these signals.
   (j.) The marking and use of the lead- and log-lines.
   (k.) The construction, use, and action of the sluices, and of the water-ballast tanks.
   (l.) Engine-room telegraph, &c.
   (m.) Use and management of the rocket apparatus in the event of a vessel being stranded.
   (n.) Any other questions of a like nature appertaining to the duties of the second mate of a steamship which the Examiner may think necessary to put to him.

Only and First Mate.

10. Examination in Navigation.—The examination in navigation, &c., for an only and first mate’s certificate for foreign-going steamships will be precisely the same as that prescribed for an ordinary only and first mate’s certificate.

11. Examination in Seamanship.—In addition to the qualifications required for a second mate, an only and first mate will be required to show a knowledge of the following subjects :—

    (a.) Shifting large spars; rigging sheers; and taking lower masts in and out.
    (b.) How to moor and unmoor ship; keep a clear anchor; and to carry out an anchor.
    (c.) Management of a steamship in stormy weather.
    (d.) How to rig purchases for getting heavy weights, anchors, machinery, &c., in and out.
    (e.) How to dispose various kinds of cargo and weights in a stiff and in a tender vessel.
    (f.) Ventilation of holds, and the stowage of explosives.
    (g.) The effects of the screw-race upon the rudder; and the effect produced on the direction of the head of the ship by going [ahead] [astern] with a [right-] [left-] handed screw when the rudder is [ported] [starboarded]; also, the effect of twin screws under the same conditions, and when going ahead with one and reversing the other, &c., &c.
    (h.) How to rig a sea-anchor and what means to employ to keep a steamer, with her machinery disabled, out of the trough of the sea, and to lessen her lee drift.
    (i.) How to turn a steamship short round.
    (j.) How to get a cast of the deep-sea lead in heavy weather.
    (k.) Any other questions of a like nature appertaining to the duties of an only and first mate of a steamship which the Examiner may think necessary to put to him.

Master.

12. Examination in Navigation.—The examination in navigation, &c., for a master’s certificate for foreign-going steamships will be precisely the same as that prescribed for an ordinary master’s certificate.

13. Examination in Seamanship.—In addition to the qualifications required for a second, only, and first mate, a master will be required to show a knowledge of the following subjects :—

    (a.) Construction of rafts and jury rudders suitable for screw steamships.
    (b.) The preservation of the ship’s crew in the event of wreck.
    (c.) Management of steamships in heavy weather.
    (d.) Rescuing the crew of a disabled ship.
    (e.) Steps to be taken when a vessel is on her beam-ends, or disabled and on a lee shore.
    (f.) How to use steam appliances in the event of fire.
    (g.) The best arrangement for towing vessels under different circumstances.
    (h.) Placing ship in dry dock; directing repairs, and the mode of procedure when putting into port in distress with damage to cargo and ship.
    (i.) Any other questions of a like nature appertaining to the management of a steamship which the Examiner may think it necessary to put to him.

EXTRA AND HONORARY CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY.

Extra Master.

14. Examination in Navigation.—The candidate will be required to work out and show the construction of any four of the problems* prescribed for the ordinary certificates, and to satisfy the Examiner in the oral subjects prescribed for those certificates. He must also be prepared to be examined in any of the following subjects, showing the construction of all the problems† :—

    (a.) To work a lunar observation by either sun, star, or planet; and to compute the altitudes when they are not given.
    (b.) To find the latitude from double altitudes of the sun or of a star.
    (c.) To determine, from simultaneous observations of two different stars, the position of the ship, and the true bearing of the stars, by Sumner’s method. The candidate may either determine the four longitudes from the two assumed latitudes which will be given, or solve the question in any other way he may choose.
    (d.) To find the error of a chronometer from the altitude of the sun or of a star, observed with an artificial or with the natural horizon.
    (e.) To explain clearly in writing the principles of—(1) great-circle sailing, (2) windward great-circle sailing, (3) composite great-circle sailing, and their advantages and disadvantages.
    (f.) To show approximately on a terrestrial globe the great-circle track and the distance from one given position to another; also the latitude and longitude of vertex; and the longitude from vertex; and to explain how the track can then be transferred to a Mercator’s chart.
    (g.) To determine the initial great-circle course, and the distance from one given position to another, the latitude and longitude of vertex, the longitude from vertex, and the latitudes and longitudes through which the great circle will pass; laying the track, composite or otherwise, down on a Mercator’s chart, and explaining briefly how the course and distance from one point to another on this track is then found. This problem may, subject to the decision of the Examiner, be solved either by calculation, or by any tables, graphic method, or great-circle chart, known to and preferred by the candidate, but it will usually be set so as to leave the choice of method to the candidate.
    (h.) To draw a figure, and write down the trigonometrical ratios.
    (i.) Right-angled plane trigonometry; deducing and writing down the formula for each computation in the problem given.
    (j.) Oblique-angled plane trigonometry; deducing and writing down the formula, or the rule, for each computation in the problem given.
    (k.) To give Napier’s rules for circular parts for the solution of right-angled spherical triangles, explaining clearly how the different angles and sides are considered in deducing the formulae.
    (l.) Right-angled spherical trigonometry.
    (m.) The laws of the deviation of the compass in iron ships.
    (n.) To construct a Mercator’s chart.
    (o.) The law of storms. The candidate to write a paper of what he knows of this subject.

He must be prepared to answer vivâ voce questions on the following subjects :—

(p.) The leading principles of the construction of the sextant and of the vernier.
(q.) The civil duties of a shipmaster, in which he will be expected to show a more extensive knowledge and aptness than a candidate for an ordinary master’s certificate.

• Either of the chart papers Exn. 9c or Exn. 9d may be given as one of these four problems.
  † Two or three of these problems may usually be omitted, but all those set in the examination papers given to the candidate must be worked.