Dec. 13.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 1889

Certificates of Competency for a “Home-trade Passenger-ship.”

79. MATE.—A candidate must be not less than nineteen years of age, and have served four years at sea.

80. Examination in Navigation, &c.—He must write a legible hand and spell correctly, and understand the first five rules of arithmetic, both simple and compound. He must be able to take a bearing by compass, and be conversant with the use of Mercator’s Chart, and be able to find on either a “true” or “magnetic” chart the course to steer, and the distance from one given position to another; to find the ship’s position on the chart from cross bearings of two objects; from two bearings of the same object, the course and distance run between taking the bearings being given; and the distance of the ship from the object at the time of taking the second bearing. He must also pass an examination in the International Code of Signals.

81. Examination in Seamanship, &c.—He must possess a thorough knowledge of the rule of the road as regards both steamers and sailing-vessels, their regulation lights, and fog and sound signals. He must be able to describe the signals of distress, and the signals to be made by ships wanting a pilot, and the liabilities and penalties incurred by the misuse of these signals; also the use and management of the rocket apparatus in the event of his vessel being stranded. He must be able to mark and use the lead- and log-lines, to moor and unmoor a vessel, and to manage a ship’s boat in heavy weather, &c., &c. He must also understand the construction, use, and action of the bulkhead sluices, the engine-room telegraph, &c., and to answer any other questions of a like nature appertaining to the duties of the mate of a home-trade passenger-vessel which the Examiner may think proper to put to him.

82. MASTER.—A candidate must be not less than twenty years of age, and have served five years at sea, of which—

(a.) One year must have been in a capacity not lower than that of only mate of a home-trade or coasting vessel, whilst holding a mate’s certificate for home-trade passenger-ships, or an only mate’s certificate for foreign-going vessels;

(b.) Or, two and a half years must have been in a capacity not lower than second mate of a home-trade or coasting vessel in charge of a watch, whilst holding a mate’s certificate for home-trade passenger-ships, or a second mate’s certificate for foreign-going vessels (see par. 34);

(c.) Or, one year must have been as pilot with a first-class pilot’s certificate (see par. 35).

83. Examination in Navigation, &c.—In addition to the qualifications required of a mate of a home-trade passenger-ship, a master will be required to find on a chart the course to steer by compass in order to counteract the effect of a given current and to find the distance the ship will make good towards a given point in a certain time, and to work out practically the correction to apply to soundings taken at a given time and place, to compare with the depth marked on the chart, &c. He will also be required to understand the use of the quadrant, to be able to observe with it, to read off and on the arc, and to find the index error by the horizon. He will also be required to find the latitude by a meridian altitude of the sun, and to give written answers (vide also supplementary vivâ voce test, pars. 164 to 167) to certain practical questions on the subject of the deviation of the compass.

84. Examination in Seamanship, &c.—In addition to the qualifications required of a mate of a home-trade passenger-ship, a master must understand how to rig a sea anchor, and what means to apply to keep a steamship with machinery disabled out of the trough of the sea, &c.; how to get a cast of the lead in heavy weather, &c. He will be examined as to his resources for the preservation of the crew and passengers in the event of wreck, and the steps to be taken if his vessel is disabled and drifting towards a lee shore; and will be required to answer any other questions appertaining to the management of a home-trade passenger-vessel which the Examiner may think necessary to put to him.

Examination for Extra and Honorary Certificates.

85. Certificates of Competency as Extra Master.—An extra master’s certificate will entitle the holder to go to sea as master of any vessel, sailing or steam.

86. An Extra Master’s Examination is voluntary and intended for such persons as wish to prove their superior qualifications and are desirous of having certificates of the highest grade granted by the Marine Department.

87. The extra examination may take place when the applicant is qualified to go up for examination for an ordinary master’s certificate, or at any time subsequent to his having passed as master ordinary.

88. Examination in Navigation, &c.—In addition to the qualifications required for an ordinary master’s certificate the candidate will be required to work a lunar observation by either sun, star, or planet; to compute the altitudes for the same when they are not given; to determine the latitude by the meridian altitude of the moon, and by an altitude of the Polar Star at any time. He will be required to find the latitude by double altitudes of the sun, or of a star, and to verify the result by Sumner’s method. He must find the error of a watch or chronometer from equal altitudes of the sun, and must be able to correct altitudes observed by means of an artificial horizon. He will be required to show a thorough knowledge of the laws of the deviation of the compasses in iron ships. He must be acquainted with the leading principles of the construction of the sextant and of the “vernier.” He must explain the nature of great-circle sailing, and show how to apply practically that knowledge; and must have a more extensive knowledge of the subject of the law of storms than that required by an ordinary master.

89. Examination in Seamanship, &c.—In addition to the qualifications required of an ordinary master, the extra master will be expected to give satisfactory answers to any questions in practical seamanship that the Examiners may think proper to put to him; and to show a more extensive knowledge and aptness in the civil duties of a shipmaster than would be expected from a candidate for an ordinary master’s certificate.

Certificates of Competency as Extra Master for Foreign-going Steamships only.

90. Extra certificates for steamships only will also be issued, subject to the examination hereinafter described, to officers who can show the necessary service in steamships. The certificates will be marked “For steamships only,” and will only entitle the holders to go to sea as masters of steamships.

91. The examination is open to all who are qualified to go up for a master’s certificate for foreign-going steamships, or who have already obtained such a certificate. It is open also to men who have failed in the examination for an extra master’s certificate to show the requisite knowledge of the management of square-rigged sailing-vessels, provided they can prove the necessary amount of officer’s service in steamships. (See par. 128.)

92. Examination in Navigation.—The examination in navigation, &c., will be precisely the same as that prescribed for the extra master’s certificate. (See par. 88.)

93. Examination in Seamanship, &c.—In addition to the qualifications required of a master for foreign-going steamships only, the extra master will be expected to give satisfactory answers to any questions appertaining to the management of a steamship that the Examiner may think proper to put to him, and to show a more extensive knowledge and aptness in the civil duties of a shipmaster than would be expected from a candidate for a master’s certificate for “foreign-going steamships only.”

Certificates of Competency as Masters of Pleasure-yachts.

94. The examination is purely voluntary, and is to be confined to persons who command their own sea-going pleasure-yachts, which yachts must not be employed in trading. A master of a yacht who is not also the sole owner, or who is under twenty-one years of age, is not eligible for examination.

95. Only one description of certificate will be issued, whether the yacht is foreign-going or only cruises within the home-trade limits.

96. The certificate will not entitle the holder to command any vessel except the pleasure-yacht of which he was owner, at the time he passed his examination.

97. If the holder changes or disposes of his yacht, the certificate should be surrendered to the Superintendent of a Mercantile Marine Office, for transmission to the Secretary, Marine Department. If a fresh certificate is required, application should be made on Form Exn. 23, which can be obtained at any Mercantile Marine Office. If a fresh certificate is granted it will bear the name of the new yacht, and a fee of 10s. will be charged for it.

98. Candidates are not required to have served any specified time afloat, as it is believed that their sea knowledge will be sufficiently tested by the examination they will have to pass in seamanship.

99. Testimonials of service need not be produced.

100. In other respects the regulations framed for the conduct of the examinations of masters ordinary will apply to these cases, but applications will have to be submitted to the Marine Department before authority for examination is granted.

101. Examination in Navigation, &c.—He will be required to give in writing (vide also supplementary vivâ voce test, pars. 164 to 167) definitions of various astronomical and other terms used in navigation. He must have a competent knowledge of the first five rules of arithmetic and the use of logarithms. He must be able to work a day’s work complete, correcting the courses for deviation, leeway, and variation. He will be required to find the latitude by meridian altitude of the sun, and the difference of longitude from a given de-