1888
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 91

when at sea or at anchor, and compute the deviation there-
from. He must construct a deviation curve upon a “Na-
pier’s” diagram which will be furnished by the Examiner,
and understand the practical application of the same, and
give satisfactory written (and oral) answers to certain prac-
tical questions on the effect of the ship’s iron upon the
compasses, and the method of determining the deviation ;
showing how to compensate same by magnets and soft iron
by the aid of Beall’s compass deviascope. He will be re-
quired to find the course to steer by compass in order to
counteract the effect of a given current, and find the dis-
tance the ship will make good towards a given point in a
certain time, and to work out practically the correction to
apply to soundings taken at a given time and place to com-
pare with the depth marked on the chart.

62. Examination in Seamanship, &c.—In addition to the
    qualifications required of a second, only, and first mate, he
    must be able to construct jury rudders for both wooden and
    iron vessels, and also rafts. He will be examined as to his
    resources for the preservation of the ship’s crew in the event
    of wreck ; as to the management of ships in heavy weather ;
    as to rescuing the crew of a disabled ship ; as to steps to be
    taken when a ship is on her beam-ends, or in any danger or
    difficulty ; or if disabled or unmanageable and on a lee shore ;
    heaving a keel out, &c. He must explain the mode of pro-
    cedure when placing ship in dry dock, directing repairs, and
    if putting into port in distress with damage to cargo and
    ship. He must possess a sufficient knowledge of what he is
    required to do by law as to entry and discharge, and the
    management of his crew, and as to penalties, and entries to
    be made in the official log, and a knowledge of the measures
    for preventing and checking the outbreak of scurvy on board
    ship, and the law as to load-line marks, and the entries and
    reports to be made respecting them. He will be questioned as
    to his knowledge of invoices, charter-party, bills of lading,
    Lloyd’s agent, and as to the nature of bottomry, also bills of
    exchange, surveys, averages, &c. ; and must answer any
    other questions of a like nature appertaining to the manage-
    ment of a ship which the Examiner may consider it neces-
    sary to touch upon. He will also be required to give satis-
    factory answers as to his knowledge of the additional subjects
    (applying more particularly to steamships) which are specified
    in the rules of examination for masters’ certificates of com-
    petency for foreign-going steamships.

Certificates of Competency for Foreign-going “Fore-and-aft-
rigged Vessels only.”

63. Certificates for the grades of master, first mate, only
    mate, and second mate of “fore-and-aft-rigged vessels only”
    will be issued to candidates who have not complied with the
    regulation which requires them to have served at least one
    year in square-rigged sailing-vessels within the last five years,
    or who prove in course of examination that they are ignorant
    of the management of square-rigged ships. In other respects
    the qualifications for examination for such certificates are
    the same as for ordinary certificates.

64. A certificate for “fore-and-aft-rigged vessels only”
    will not entitle the possessor to act in a capacity for which a
    certificate is required in square-rigged vessels, amongst which
    are classed full-rigged ships, barques, brigs, barquentines,
    brigantines, and steamships carrying square sails.

65. A candidate possessing a certificate for “fore-and-aft-
    rigged vessels only,” and desiring to be examined for an
    ordinary certificate, must prove that he has served at sea at
    least one year in a square-rigged sailing-vessel within the
    last five years, unless he has previously held an ordinary
    certificate of a lower grade.

Certificates of Competency for “Foreign-going Steamships
only.”

66. Certificates of competency will be issued, subject to
    the examinations hereinafter described, for officers who have
    served in steamships, or who prove in course of examination
    that they are ignorant of the management of square-rigged
    sailing-vessels, provided they are qualified as to service (see
    pars. 73 and 76).

67. These certificates will entitle the holders to go to sea
    as masters or mates of foreign-going steamships, but will not
    entitle the holders to go to sea as masters or mates of foreign-
    going sailing-ships.

There will be no distinction in respect of “fore-and-aft”
and “square-rigged” steamships.

68. A candidate possessing a certificate for “foreign-going
    steamships only,” and desiring to be examined for an
    ordinary certificate, must prove that he has served at sea at
    least one year in a square-rigged sailing-vessel within the
    last five years, unless he has previously held an ordinary cer-
    tificate of a lower grade.

69. SECOND MATE.—A candidate must be not less than
    seventeen years of age, and must have served four years at
    sea.

70. Examination in Navigation, &c.—The examination
    in navigation, &c., will be precisely the same as that
    prescribed for an ordinary second mate’s certificate, par. 54.

71. Examination in Seamanship, &c.—He must give satisfac-
    tory answers as to the standing and running rigging of steam-
    ships ; as to bending, unbending, setting, reefing, taking in,
    and furling sail ; as to sending masts and yards up and
    down, &c., &c. ; as to seeing everything in readiness and clear
    for getting under way, and as to the precautions to be then
    observed with regard to engines, propeller, &c. ; as to the
    management of a steamship when under canvas ; and of a
    ship’s boat in heavy weather ; and as to dunnaging and
    stowing cargo, &c. He must have a thorough knowledge
    of the rule of the road as regards both steamers and sail-
    ing-vessels, their regulation lights, and fog and sound signals,
    and be able to describe the signals of distress and the sig-
    nals to be made by ships wanting a pilot, and the liabilities
    and penalties incurred by the misuse of these signals. He
    must be able to mark and use the lead- and log-lines. He
    must also understand the construction, use, and action of
    the sluices, and of the water-ballast tanks, engine-room tele-
    graph, &c. ; the use and management of the rocket apparatus
    in the event of his vessel being stranded ; and other questions
    of a like nature appertaining to the duties of the second mate
    of a steamship, which the Examiner may think necessary to
    put to him.

72. ONLY MATE.—The qualifications as to age and service
    are the same as for an only mate’s ordinary certificate for
    a foreign-going ship (see par. 56), excepting that no service
    in square-rigged vessels is required.

73. FIRST MATE.—The qualifications as to age and service
    are the same as for a first mate’s ordinary certificate for a
    foreign-going ship (see par. 57), excepting that the service
    required as officer must have been in steamships, and that no
    service in square-rigged vessels is required.

74. Examination in Navigation, &c.—The examination in
    navigation, &c., for an only and first mate’s certificate will
    be precisely the same as that prescribed for an ordinary only
    and first mate’s certificate, par. 58.

75. Examination in Seamanship, &c.—In addition to the
    qualifications required for a second mate, a more extensive
    knowledge of seamanship will be required, as to shifting
    large spars, rigging sheers, taking lower masts in and out,
    how to moor and unmoor ship and to keep a clear anchor ;
    to carry out an anchor ; how to manage a steamship in
    stormy weather ; and how to rig purchases for getting heavy
    weights, anchors, machinery, &c., in and out. He must give
    satisfactory answers as to the ventilation of holds, and the
    stowage of explosives. He must be able to describe the
    effects of the screw race upon the rudder ; and the effect
    produced on the direction of the head of the ship by going
    [ahead] [astern] with a [right] [left] -handed screw when
    the rudder is [ported] [starboarded]. He must also know
    how to rig a sea anchor, and what means to apply to keep a
    steamer with machinery disabled out of the trough of the
    sea, and lessen her lee drift ; how to turn a steamship
    short round ; how to get cast of deep-sea lead in heavy
    weather ; and other questions of a like nature appertaining
    to the duties of an only and first mate of a steamship which
    the Examiner may think necessary to put to him.

76. MASTER.—The qualifications as to age and service are
    the same as for a master’s ordinary certificate for a foreign-
    going ship (see par. 60), excepting that the service required
    as an officer must have been performed in steamships, and
    that no service in square-rigged vessels is required.

77. Examination in Navigation, &c.—The examination in
    navigation, &c., will be precisely the same as that prescribed
    for an ordinary master’s certificate, par. 61.

78. Examination in Seamanship, &c.—In addition to the
    qualifications required of a second, only, and first mate, he
    must be able to construct rafts and jury-rudders suitable for
    a screw steamship. He will be examined as to his resources
    for the preservation of the ship’s crew in the event of wreck ;
    as to the management of steamships in heavy weather ; as
    to rescuing the crew of a disabled ship ; as to steps to be
    taken when a ship is on her beam-ends, or if disabled and
    on a lee shore ; how to use steam appliances in the event
    of fire ; and the best arrangement for towing vessels under
    different circumstances, placing ship in dry dock, directing
    repairs, and the mode of procedure if putting into port in
    distress with damage to cargo and ship. He must possess a
    sufficient knowledge of what he is required to do by law as
    to entry and discharge, and the management of his crew,
    and as to the penalties, and entries to be made in the official
    log, and a knowledge of the measures for preventing and
    checking the outbreak of scurvy on board ship, and the law
    as to load-line marks, and the entries and reports to be
    made respecting them. He will be questioned as to his
    knowledge of invoices, charter-party, bills of lading, Lloyd’s
    agent, [and as to the nature of bottomry, also bills of ex-
    change, surveys, averages, &c., and answer any other ques-
    tions of a like nature appertaining to the management of a
    steamship which the Examiner may consider it necessary to
    touch upon.