1322
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 87

rigged sailing vessels, or who prove in course of examination that they are ignorant of the management of square-rigged ships.

67. A certificate “for Fore - and - aft - rigged vessels only” will not entitle the possessor to act in a capacity for which a certificate is required in square-rigged vessels, amongst which are classed full-rigged ships, barques, brig, barquentines, brigantines, and steamships carrying square sails.

68. A Candidate possessing a certificate “for Fore-and-aft-rigged vessels only,” and desiring to obtain an ordinary certificate of the same grade, must prove that he has served at sea at least one year in a square-rigged sailing vessel, and will be re-examined both in navigation and seamanship.

EXAMINATIONS FOR EXTRA AND HONORARY CERTIFICATES.

69. An Extra Master’s Examination is voluntary and intended for such persons as wish to prove their superior qualifications, and are desirous of having certificates for the highest grade granted by the Marine Department.

70. The Extra Examination may take place at the time the applicant goes up for an Ordinary Master’s Certificate, or at any time subsequent to his having passed as Master Ordinary.

71. A candidate for an Extra Certificate who may only be in possession of a Master’s Certificate of Service must pass for Ordinary Master before or at the time he is examined for the Extra Certificate.

72. A Candidate who passes the Extra Examination will be entitled to receive his Extra Certificate at once, without reference to the time he has been afloat, and without being required to have served two years as Master, as heretofore.

73. In Navigation.—In addition to the qualifications required for an Ordinary Master’s Certificate, the Candidate will be required to work a lunar observation by either sun, star, or planet; to compute the altitudes for the same when they are not given; to determine the latitude by the meridian altitude of the moon, and by an altitude of the Polar star at any time. He will be required to find the latitude by double altitudes of the sun, or of a star, and to verify the result by Sumner’s method. He must find the error of a watch or chronometer from equal altitudes of the sun, and must be able to correct altitudes observed by means of an artificial horizon. He will be required to show a thorough knowledge of the laws of the deviation of the compasses in iron ships. He will be required to prove by the “deviascope” (1) his knowledge of the tentative method of compass adjustment; (2) that he really possesses a good knowledge of what he has written, by showing that he is acquainted with the practical application of the answers given by him to any of the questions in the Compass Deviation Syllabus that the Examiner in the course of the examination may think proper to touch upon. He must be acquainted with the leading principles of the construction of the sextant and of the “vernier.” He must explain the nature of great circle sailing, and show how to apply practically that knowledge; and must have a more extensive knowledge of the subject of the law of storms than that required of the Master Ordinary.

74. In Seamanship, &c.—In addition to the qualifications required of an Ordinary Master, the Extra Master will be expected to give satisfactory answers to any questions in practical seamanship that the Examiners may think proper to put to him; and to show a more extensive knowledge and aptness in the Civil Duties of a shipmaster than would be expected from a Candidate for an Ordinary Master’s Certificate.

QUALIFICATIONS FOR CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY FOR A “HOME TRADE PASSENGER SHIP.”

75. All Candidates for Certificates of Competency must first be examined in colours.

76. A Mate must be nineteen years of age, and have served four years at sea.

77. In Navigation, &c.—He must write a legible hand, and understand the first five rules of arithmetic, both simple and compound. He must be able to take a bearing by compass, and be conversant with the use of Mercator’s chart, and be able to find, on either a “true” or “magnetic” chart, the course to steer, and the distance from one given position to another; to find the ship’s position on the chart from cross bearings of two objects; from two bearings of the same object, the course and distance run between taking the bearings being given; and the distance of the ship from the object at the time of taking the second bearing.

78. He must also pass an examination in the International Code of Signals.

79. In Seamanship, &c.—He must possess a thorough knowledge of the rule of the road as regards both steamers and sailing vessels, their regulation lights, and fog and sound signals. He must be able to describe the signals of distress, and the signals to be made by ships wanting a pilot, and the liabilities and penalties incurred by the misuse of these signals; also the use and management of the rocket apparatus in the event of his vessel being stranded. He must be able to mark and use the lead and log-lines, to moor and unmoor a vessel, and to manage a ship’s boat in heavy weather, &c., &c. He must also understand the construction, use, and action of the bulkhead sluices, the engine-room telegraph, &c., and to answer any other questions of a like nature appertaining to the duties of the Mate of a Home Trade Passenger Vessel which the Examiner may think proper to put to him.

80. A Master must be twenty years of age, and have served five years at sea, of which one year must have been as First or Only Mate in the Home or Foreign Trade, during which service he must have been in possession of a Mate’s Certificate for Home Trade Passenger ships or of a First or Only Mate’s Certificate for Foreign-going Ships. Vide also par. 32.

81. In Navigation, &c.—In addition to the qualifications required of a Mate of a Home Trade Passenger Ship, a Master will be required to find on a chart the course to steer by compass in order to counteract the effect of a given current, and to find the distance the ship will make good towards a given point in a certain time, and to work out practically the correction to apply to soundings taken at a given time and place, to compare with the depth marked on the chart, &c. He will also be required to understand the use of the quadrant, to be able to observe with it, to read off and on the arc, and to find the index error by the horizon. He will also be required to find the latitude by a meridian altitude of the sun, and to give written answers to certain practical questions on the subject of the deviation of the compass.

82. In Seamanship, &c.—In addition to the qualifications required of a Mate of a Home Trade Passenger Ship, a Master must understand how to rig a sea anchor, and what means to apply to keep a steamer with machinery disabled out of the trough of the sea, &c. How to get a cast of the lead in