Nov. 24.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 1321

60. An Only and First Mate.—An Only Mate and a First Mate must be not less than nineteen years of age, and must have served five years at sea within the last seven years, of which, in the case of a First Mate, one year must have been as Second or Only Mate. An Only Mate must prove that he has served at least one year in a square-rigged sailing vessel. See also pars. 13, 18, and 33.

61. In Navigation.—In addition to the qualifications required for a Second Mate, an Only and First Mate must be able to find the true bearing of the sun and the error of the ship’s compass from an observed azimuth of the sun, both from an altitude and also from the “Time Azimuth Tables,” and with the variation given compute the deviation; to find the latitude from a single altitude of the sun off the meridian, and be able to use and adjust the sextant, and to find the index error by the sun; also to ascertain the true bearing of the sun, &c., and the ship’s position, by Sumner’s method by projection. He must also be conversant with the use of Mercator’s Chart, and be able to find, on either a “true” or “magnetic” chart, the course to steer and the distance from one given position to another; and find the ship’s position on the chart from cross bearings of two objects; from two bearings of the same object, the course and distance run between taking the bearings being given; and the distance of ship from the object at the time of taking the second bearing. He must also understand how to keep a ship’s Log Book. He will also be required to answer certain questions, in writing (and orally), relative to cyclones or revolving storms.

62. In Seamanship, &c.—In addition to the qualifications required for a Second Mate, a more extensive knowledge of seamanship will be required, as to shifting large spars, rigging shears, taking lower masts in and out, how to moor and unmoor ships, and to keep a clear anchor; to carry out an anchor; how to manage both a steam- and sailing-ship in stormy weather; how to cast a ship on a lee shore; how to secure the masts in the event of accident to the bowsprit; and how to rig purchases for getting heavy weights, anchors, machinery, &c., in and out. He must give satisfactory answers as to the ventilation of holds and the stowage of explosives. He must be able to describe the effects of the screw-race upon the rudder, and the effect produced on the direction of the head of the ship by going [ahead] [astern] with a [right-] [left-] handed screw when the rudder is [ported] [starboarded]. He must also know how to rig a sea anchor, and what means to apply to keep a vessel disabled or unmanageable out of the trough of the sea, and lessen her lee drift. How to get cast of deep sea lead in heavy weather; and answer any other questions appertaining to the duties of an Only and First Mate of a ship which the Examiner may think necessary to put to him.

63. A Master must be twenty-one years of age, and have been six years at sea, of which one year must have been as First or Only Mate in a Foreign-going Ship, and one year as Second or Only Mate; or he must have been six and a half years at sea, of which two and a half years must have been as Second Mate of a Foreign-going Ship, during the last twelve months of which service as Second Mate he must have been in possession of a First Mate’s Certificate. He must also prove that he has served at least one year in a square-rigged sailing vessel in the capacity of either Apprentice, Seaman, Mate, or Master. Vide also pars 13, 14, and 19.

If the service with a First Mate’s Certificate dates further back than three years the Candidate’s case must be specially considered by the Marine Department.

64. In Navigation.—In addition to the qualifications required for a Second, Only, and First Mate, a Master must be able to compute the latitude from the meridian altitude of a star, &c. He must be able to find the magnetic bearing from equidistant compass bearings of any fixed object when at sea, and compute the deviation therefrom. He must construct a deviation curve upon a “Napier’s” diagram which will be furnished by the Examiner, and understand the practical application of the same, and give satisfactory written (and oral) answers to certain practical questions on the effect of the ship’s iron upon the compasses, the method of determining the deviation, and compensating same by magnets and soft iron. He will be required to prove by the “Deviascope” (1) his knowledge of the laws of deviation and the tentative method of compass adjustment (this proof will take the place of the written answers and sketches illustrative of the question 19 of Form Exn. 7); (2) that he understands the practical application of the answers given by him to any of the other questions on Form Exn. 7 that the Examiner in the course of the examination may think fit to touch upon. He will be required to find the course to steer by compass in order to counteract the effect of a given current, and find the distance the ship will make good towards a given point in a certain time, and to work out practically the correction to apply to soundings taken at a given time and place to compare with the depth marked on the chart.

65. In Seamanship, &c.—In addition to the qualifications required of a Second, Only, and First Mate, he must be able to construct jury rudders for wood and iron vessels, both steam (screw) and sailing, and also rafts. He will be examined as to his resources for the preservation of the ship’s crew in the event of wreck; as to the management of ships in heavy weather; as to rescuing the crew of a disabled ship; as to steps to be taken when a ship is on her beam ends, or in any danger or difficulty; or if disabled or unmanageable and on a lee shore; heaving a keel out, &c. How to use steam appliances in the event of fire, and the best arrangement for towing vessels under different circumstances. He must explain the mode of procedure when placing ship in dry dock, directing repairs, and if putting into port in distress with damage to cargo and ship. He must possess a sufficient knowledge of what he is required to do by law, as to entry and discharge, and the management of his crew, and as to penalties, and entries to be made in the official log, and a knowledge of the measures for preventing and checking the outbreak of scurvy on board ship, and the law as to load line marks, and the entries and reports to be made respecting them. He will be questioned as to his knowledge of invoices, charter party, bills of lading, Lloyd’s agent, and as to the nature of bottomry, also bills of exchange, surveys, averages, &c.; and must answer any other questions of a like nature appertaining to the management of a ship which the Examiner may consider it necessary to touch upon.

CERTIFICATES FOR FORE-AND-AFT-RIGGED VESSELS.

66. Certificates for the grades of Master, First Mate, Only Mate, and Second Mate, on which the words “for Fore-and-aft-rigged vessels only” will be written, will be issued to candidates who have not complied with the regulation which requires them to have served at least one year in square-