820

THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.

[No. 54

steamship which the Examiner may think necessary
to put to him.

59. AN ONLY OR FIRST MATE.-An only mate
must be nineteen years of age, and must have served
five years at sea. A first mate must be nineteen
years of age, and must have served five years at sea,
of which one year must have been as second or only
mate of a foreign-going steamship.

60. In Navigation, &c.-In addition to the qualifi-
cations required for a second mate, an only or first
mate must be able to find the true bearing
of the sun and the error of the ship's compass
from an observed azimuth of the sun, both from
an altitude and also from "The Time Aximuth's
Tables," and with the variation given compute
the deviation; to find the latitude from a single
altitude of the sun off the meridian, and to be
able to use and adjust the sextant, and to find the
index error by the sun; and also to ascertain the
true bearing of the sun, &c., and the ship's position
by Sumner's method by projection. He must also
be conversant with the use of Mercator's Chart, and
be able to find, on either a "true" or "magnetic" chart,
the course to steer and the distance from one given
position to another; and find the ship's position on
the chart from cross-bearings of two objects, from
two bearings of the same object, the course and dis-
tance between the bearings being given, and also the
distance of ship from the object at the time of taking
the second bearing. He must also understand how
to keep a ship's log-book.

61. In Seamanship, &c.-In addition to the qualifi-
cations required for a second mate, a more extensive
knowledge of seamanship will be required: as to
shifting large spars, rigging sheers, taking lower
masts in and out, how to moor and unmoor ship and
to keep a clear anchor, to carry out an anchor, how
to manage a steamship in stormy weather, and how
to rig purchases for getting heavy weights, anchors,
machinery, &c., in and out. He must give satisfac-
tory answers as to the ventilation of holds and the
stowage of explosives. He must be able to describe
the effects of the screw-race upon the rudder, and
the effect produced on the direction of the head of
the ship by going [ahead] [astern] with a [right-]
[left-] handed screw when the rudder is [ported]
[starboarded]. He must also know how to rig a
sea-anchor, and what means to apply to keep a
steamer with machinery disabled out of the trough
of the sea, and lessen her lee drift; how to turn a
steamship short round; how to get cast of deep-sea
lead in heavy weather; and other questions of a like
nature appertaining to the duties of an only or first
mate of a steamship which the Examiner may think
necessary to put to him.

62. A MASTER.-Must be twenty-one years of age,
and have been six years at sea, of which one year
must have been as first or only mate in a foreign-
going steamship, and one year as second or only mate;
or he must have been six and a half years at sea, of
which two and a half years must have been as second
or only mate in a foreign-going steamship, during the
last twelve months of which he must have been in
possession of a first mate's certificate.

63. In Navigation, &c.-In addition to the qualifi-
cations required for a second, only, and first mate, he
must be able to compute the latitude from the
meridian altitude of a star, &c.; he must be able to
find the magnetic bearing from equidistant compass
bearings of any fixed object when at sea, and compute
the deviation therefrom. He must construct a devia-
tion curve upon a "Napier's" diagram, which will
be furnished by the Examiner, and understand the
practical application of the same, and give written
answers to certain practical questions on the effect
of the ship's iron upon the compasses, the method
of determining the deviation, and compensating
same by magnets and soft iron. He will be required
to find the course to steer by compass, in order to
counteract the effect of a given current, and find the
distance the ship will make good towards a given
point in a certain time, and to work out practically
the correction to apply to soundings taken at a given
time and place, to compare with the depth marked
on the chart.

64. In Seamanship, &c.-In addition to the quali-
fications required of a second, only, and first mate, he
must be able to construct rafts and jury-rudders suit-
able for a screw steamship. He will be examined as to
his resources for the preservation of the ship's crew in
the event of wreck; as to the management of steam-
ships in heavy weather; as to rescuing the crew of a
disabled ship; as to steps to be taken when a ship is
on her beam ends, or if disabled and on a lee shore;
how to use steam appliances in the event of fire,
and the best arrangement for towing vessels under
different circumstances, placing ship in dry dock,
directing repairs, and the mode of procedure if
putting into port in distress with damage to cargo
and ship. He must possess a sufficient knowledge of
what he is required to do by law as to entry and dis-
charge, and the management of his crew, and as to
penalties, and entries to be made in the official log,
and a knowledge of the measures for preventing and
checking the outbreak of scurvy on board ship, and
the law as to load line-marks, and the entries and re-
ports to be made respecting them. He will be ques-
tioned as to his knowledge of invoices, charter-party,
bills of lading, Lloyd's agent, and as to the nature of
bottomry, also bills of exchange, surveys, averages,
&c., and answer any other questions of a like nature
appertaining to the management of a steamship
which the Examiner may consider it necessary to
touch upon.

EXAMINATIONS FOR EXTRA AND HONORARY CERTI-
FICATES.

65. AN EXTRA MASTER'S EXAMINATION.-Is volun-
tary and intended for such persons as wish to prove
their superior qualifications, and are desirous of
having certificates for the highest grade granted by
the Marine Department.

66. The extra examination may take place at the
time the applicant goes up for an ordinary master's
certificate, or at any time subsequent to his having
passed as master ordinary.

67. A candidate for an extra certificate who may
only be in possession of a master's certificate of ser-
vice must pass for ordinary master before or at the
time he is examined for the extra certificate.

68. A candidate who passes the extra examination
will be entitled to receive his extra certificate at once,
without reference to the time he has been afloat, and
without being required to have served two years as
master, as heretofore.

69. In Navigation, &c.-In addition to the qualifica-
tions required for an ordinary master's certificate, the
candidate will be required to work a lunar observa-
tion by either sun, star, or planet; to compute the
altitudes for the same when they are not given; to
determine the latitude by the meridian altitude of the
moon, and also by an altitude of the polar star at any
time. He will be required to find the latitude by
double altitudes of the sun or of a star, and to verify
the result by Sumner's method. He must find the
error of a watch or chronometer from equal altitudes
of the sun, and must be able to correct altitudes ob-
served by means of an artificial horizon. He will be
required to show a thorough knowledge of the laws
of the deviation of the compasses in iron ships. He
must be acquainted with the leading principles of
the construction of the sextant and of the "vernier,"