JUNE 8.]

819

THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.

been in possession of a first mate's certificate. He
must also prove that he has served at least one year
in a square-rigged sailing vessel in the capacity of
either apprentice, seaman, mate, or master. (Vide
also par. 13.)

47. In Navigation, &c. In addition to the qualifica-
    tions required for a second, only, and first mate, he
    must be able to compute the latitude from the
    meridian altitude of a star, &c. He must be able to
    find the magnetic bearing from equidistant compass
    bearings of any fixed object when at sea, and compute
    the deviation therefrom. He must construct a devia-
    tion curve upon a "Napier's" diagram, which will be
    furnished by the Examiner, and understand the prac-
    tical application of the same, and give written answers
    to certain practical questions on the effect of the
    ship's iron upon the compasses, the method of deter-
    mining the deviation, and compensating same by
    magnets and soft iron. He will be required to find
    the course to steer by compass in order to counteract
    the effect of a given current, and find the distance
    the ship will make good towards a given point in a
    certain time, and to work out practically the correc-
    tion to apply to soundings taken at a given time and
    place to compare with the depth marked on the
    chart.

48. In Seamanship, &c. -In addition to the qualifi-
    cations required of a second, only, and first mate, he
    must be able to construct jury-rudders for both
    wooden and iron vessels and also rafts. He will be
    examined at to his resources for the preservation of
    the ship's crew in the event of the wreck; as to the
    management of ships in heavy weather; as to rescu-
    ing the crew of a disabled ship; as to steps to be
    taken when a ship is on her beam ends or in any
    danger or difficulty, or if disabled or unmanageable
    and on a lee shore; heaving a keel out, &c. He
    must explain the mode of procedure when placing
    ship in dry dock, directing repairs, and if putting
    into port in distress with damage to cargo and ship.
    He must possess a sufficient knowledge of what he
    is required to do by law as to entry and discharge,
    and the management of his crew, and as to penalties,
    and entries to be made in the official log, and a know-
    ledge of the measures for preventing and checking
    the outbreak of scurvy on board ship, and the law as
    to load line-marks, and the entries and reports to be
    made respecting them. He will be questioned as to his
    knowledge of invoices, charter-party, bills of lading,
    Lloyd's agent, and as to the nature of bottomry, also
    bills of exchange, surveys, averages, &c., and must
    answer any other questions of a like nature apper-
    taining to the management of a ship which the
    Examiner may consider it necessary to touch upon.
    He will also be required to give satisfactory answers
    as to his knowledge of the additional subjects (ap-
    plying more particularly to steamships) which are
    specified in the Rules of Examination for Masters'
    Certificates of Competency for Foreign-going Steam-
    ships.

CERTIFICATES FOR "FORE-AND-AFT-RIGGED VESSELS."

49. Certificates for the grades of master, first
    mate, only mate, and second mate, on which the
    words "For fore-and-aft-rigged vessels only" will be
    written, will be issued to candidates who have not
    complied with the regulation which requires them to
    have served at least one year in square-rigged sailing
    vessels, or who prove in course of examination that
    they are ignorant of the management of square-
    rigged ships.

50. A certificate for "fore-and-aft-rigged vessels
    only" will not entitle the possessor to act in a capacity
    for which a certificate is required in square-rigged
    vessels, amongst which are classed full-rigged ships,

barques, brigs, barquentines, brigantines, and steam-
ships carrying square sails.

51. A candidate possessing a certificate for "fore-
    and-aft-rigged vessels only," and desiring to obtain an
    ordinary certificate of the same grade, must prove
    that he has served at sea at least one year in a
    square-rigged sailing vessel, and will be re-examined
    both in navigation and seamanship.

QUALIFICATIONS FOR CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY
FOR "FOREIGN-GOING STEAMSHIPS ONLY."

52. Certificates of competency will be issued, sub-
    ject to the examinations hereinafter described, for
    officers who have served in steamships, and who,
    owing to absence of service in square-rigged sailing
    ships, cannot under the regulations heretofore exist-
    ing obtain certificates of competency to act in the
    capacity of masters or mates of square-rigged steam-
    ships.

53. These certificates will entitle the holders to go
    to sea as masters and mates of foreign-going steam-
    ships, but will not entitle the holders to go to sea as
    masters or mates of foreign-going sailing ships.

54. There will be no distinction in respect of "fore-
    and-aft" and "square-rigged" steamships.

55. All candidates for certificates of comeptency
    must pass the examination in colours. (Vide par. 39.)

56. A SECOND MATE. -Must be seventeen years
    of age, and must have been four years at sea.

57. In Navigation, &c. -He must write a legible
    hand, and will be required to give in writing defini-
    tions of various astronomical and other terms used in
    navigation. He must have a competent knowledge
    of the first five rules of arithmetic and the use of
    logarithms. He must be able to work a day's work
    complete, correcting the courses for deviation, lee-
    way, and variation. He will be required to find the
    latitude by meridian altitude of the sun, and the
    difference of longitude from a given departure by
    parallel sailing; also to find the course and distance
    from one position to another by Mercator's method.
    He will be required to find the time of high water
    at a given port, to observe and calculate the ampli-
    tude of the sun, and to find the error of the ship's
    compass therefrom, and also the deviation, the varia-
    tion being given. He must be able to find the daily
    rate of the chronometer from error observed, and to
    find the longitude from altitude of the sun by the
    usual methods. He must understand the use of the
    sextant with its adjustments, and be able to observe
    with it, find the index error by the horizon, and read
    off and on the arc. He must also pass a satisfactory
    examination in the international code of signals.

58. In Seamanship, &c. -He must give satisfactory
    answers as to the standing and running rigging of
    steamships; as to bending, unbending, setting, reefing,
    taking in, and furling sail; as to sending masts and
    yards up and down, &c., &c.; as to seeing everything
    in readiness and clear for getting under way, and as
    to the precautions to be then observed with regard
    to engines, propeller, &c.; as to the management
    of a steamship when under canvas; and as to dunnag-
    ing and stowing cargo, &c. He must have a thorough
    knowledge of the rule of the road as regards both
    steamers and sailing vessels, their regulation lights,
    fog and sound signals, and be able to describe
    the signals of distress and the signals to be made by
    ships wanting a pilot, and the liabilities and penalties
    incurred by the misuse of these signals. He must be
    able to mark and use the lead and log lines. He must
    also understand the construction, use, and action of
    the sluices, and of the water-ballast tanks, engine-
    room telegraph, &c.; the use and management of
    the rocket apparatus in the event of his vessel being
    stranded; and other questions of a like nature ap-
    pertaining to the duties of the second mate of a