supplied from office maps and Crown Grants.

Relation between section and survey lines.

62. If the section lines are based upon Trigonometrical stations a bearing and distance deduced by computation should be recorded from every Trigonometrical station to the nearest intersecting lines, but when they are based upon traverses or conjointly upon Trigonometrical and traverse stations the points of impingement of the section lines upon the traversed lines should also be calculated and recorded from the nearest traverse station.

Method to be pursued for fixing sectional corners.

63. In open country it will generally be found that the corners of sections can be conveniently and very accurately determined by running lines, either on the bearings of the section lines or on those as computed from the Trigonometrical or other well fixed points in the survey, until they intersect each other at the point desired. (See paragraph 53.) It is recommended in the latter case that the points of intersection should be determined by at least three such bearings, as their near coincidence will be an indication of the accuracy of the work. It is very necessary that proper precautions are taken to preserve the true direction of these lines by referring as opportunities offer to points which will furnish check bearings. In bush or partly bushed country a system combined of chained and of intersecting lines should be adopted.

Manner of marking Section Corners.

64. The corners of sections are to be marked with a block of totara 6 inches square and 2 feet in length, leaving only 4 inches above the surface of the ground, also with the usual Government iron peg and with lockspits dug three feet long and one foot in width and depth in the exact direction of the section lines, and further to indicate the true direction of these lines for fencing and other purposes pegs are to be driven at any convenient distance from the corner peg. Too much care cannot be bestowed to ensure the durability of these marks.

The angular points only of the boundaries of land comprised in one Crown Grant to be marked on the ground.

65. When a number of sections are comprised in one Crown Grant, only as many of the corners as are also the angular points of the external boundaries of the Crown Grant are required to be marked on the ground, and it is not necessary to cut or to indicate throughout the direction of the lines between any two such corners provided the pegs can be determined by other more direct means. Bearings should be given from the corner peg or from some point near to two or more survey marks in view.

Scale for Maps.

66. The scales to be adopted for Maps unless special directions to the contrary should be given are:

• For Townships—
  1 Chain to an inch for small portions.
  2 Chains to an inch for general plans, containing ¼ acre allotments.
  3 and 4 Chains to an inch for general plans, containing 1 acre allotments.
• For Suburban and Rural Sections—
  4 and 5 Chains to an inch for blocks under 500 acres
  6 and 8 Chains to an inch for blocks from 500 to 1000 acres
  10 Chains to an inch for blocks from 1000 to 5000 acres
  20 Chains to an inch for blocks above 5000 acres.
• For District Maps, 40 Chains to an inch.
• For General Maps, 80 Chains to an inch.

Plotting.

67. The plans are to be drawn upon mounted paper which should not be cut less than two feet square. Having set off meridian and perpendicular lines 50 or 100 chains apart according to the scale adopted (see paragraph 37) proceed to lay down the principal points from their computed meridianal co-ordinates and then to plot in the intervening work with the ordinance card protractor. All lines drawn upon the plans are to have their bearings and distances legibly written upon them when possible to do so without crowding, otherwise a table shewing this data is to be inserted in the blank space of the paper (see Appendix).

Type of writing on the Plans.

68. The style of writing upon the plans should be plain, neat, and tending more towards general utility and saving of time and labour than to pictorial and elaborate effects. The size of the letters should be strictly proportionate to that of the plan; the most conspicuous characters are to be used for names of the first order whilst the lesser characters indicate those of smaller importance (see Appendix). The bulk of the writing should lie parallel with the top and bottom of the plan; curved lines are preferable for names of Districts, Blocks, Mountain Ranges, Rivers, and Streams, but in no case should the writing appear upside down on the plan.

Opposite Corners of Roads.

69. A road line running by stages on different directions requires that the variations in length of its opposite sides for every succeeding stage should be computed in terms of the known angle that the new stage makes with the preceding one.