62

pencil remarks are to be inked in as soon
as practicable, and no erasures are permitted, nor are leaves allowed to be torn from
the book. The field book is ruled with a
double line down the centre of the pages,
between which the chain distances are
entered, and commencing at the bottom of
the page. The offsets are noted to the
right or left of this central column, according as to whether they lay on the right or
the left hand of the chain line, and opposite to the distance that they have been
measured or estimated from. A circle
round a distance thus (1500) denotes the
total length of line between two stations,
and the commencement of a new line
should further be marked by a line drawn
across the page. Each traverse station
should be numbered, and the bearings observed from them entered on the left hand
side of the page. Always write down the
backset from which the meridian is derived
at each station thus B. B. station 1—241°
40' and wherever the backset of the last station observed from is rejected for that derived from a more reliable source, or otherwise when the bearing as brought up by a
traverse is to undergo correction by a reset
of the instrument upon a bearing known
to be a more correct one, the back reading
of the last station, as well as the fore reading to the station in advance, should be
recorded in order to obtain the requisite
data for the correction of the errors committed in observing the bearings up to this
point ... If this
remark is neglected there will be no evidence forthcoming to prove the constant
direction of the meridian throughout the
survey. The field book is to be deposited
in the Survey Office on the completion of
the map.

Traverse stations to be permanently marked

at certain intervals.

57. Every traverse station should be
    temporarily pegged during the prosecution
    of the work, and eventually at intervals
    averaging 40 chains along the traverse,
    three of the stations lying in consecutive
    order should become permanently marked
    with blocks 4 inches square, and eighteen
    inches long, but if there is an absence of
    Trigonometrical points throughout the survey the size of these blocks ought to be increased to six inches square and two feet
    in length. One of the stations is to be
    chosen whenever practicable within the
    view of a Trigonometrical station. These
    precautions will furnish to a future Surveyor a point of departure, and a correct
    bearing of the meridian in terms of the
    survey for commencing additional work
    without entailing the necessity of re-executing much of the traverse work in order to
    arrive at such data.\n

    Uniformity of lines to be preserved in laying out sections.

58. The preliminary traverses having
    been executed, the next process is to subdivide the block into small sections.
    As it is the custom to sell land in this Province prior to survey the selections usually
    vary greatly in size and shapes, and consequently it requires some discrimination on
    the part of the Surveyor to scheme these
    purchases into sections complying with the
    terms of the application, and at the same
    time to preserve uniformity of lines. The
    following are the chief points to which attention is directed:—

The sections should be generally in
rectangular figures, and if possible,
lying in the direction of the Meridian
and Perpendicular.
As the frontages upon road lines, rivers,
streams, &c., vary in proportion to the
number of acres applied for, these
measures are to be calculated upon the
back line, which is invariably to be
placed at an average distance of forty
two chains from the frontages in cases
where the percentage for road allowance is included, or of forty chains when this allowance is withheld.

When a number of applications lie together, no unpurchased land should be
permitted to remain intervening excepting in such quantities as to form
other sections.

Allowance for Roads.

59. The allowance for roads is to be made
    as follows:—

On purchases under 500 acres an allowance of 5 per cent.,
above 500 acres and under
1000 acres 4 per cent.,
above 1000 acres 3 per cent.

For example, an application for 400
acres will require that 420 acres be
laid off on the ground, and the total
average is written thus on the map:
400—4 = 20; and similarly that for 900
acres should be marked out equal to
900—36 acres.

Method of laying out 5s. Land.

60. The regulations affecting 5s. land
    demand that the sections should range
    from 80—4 acres to 320—16 acres. In
    large applications as great a number as
    possible of these section lines are so
    schemed as to intersect at or pass through
    the Trigonometrical stations, and their
    dimensions are based accordingly upon these
    points.

Former surveys to be verified.

61. In cases where sections have been
    previously laid out the pegs should be
    sought for, verified, and connected with
    some point in the new survey. When the
    pegs of former survey cannot be found, and
    the owners on application refuse or are unable to point them out, then they should
    be replaced in accordance with information