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steads, or Fairways, shall exhibit, where it can best be seen, but at a Height not exceeding Twenty Feet above the Hull, a
White Light, in a globular Lantern of Eight Inches in Diameter, and so constructed as to show a clear uniform and unbroken Light visible all round the Horizon—and at a Distance of at least One Mile.

Lights for Pilot Vessels.

Art. 8. Sailing Pilot Vessels shall not carry the Lights required for other Sailing Vessels, but shall carry a White Light at the Mast Head, visible all round the Horizon—and shall also exhibit a Flare-up Light every Fifteen Minutes.

Lights for Fishing Vessels and Boats.

Art. 9. Open Fishing Boats and other open Boats shall not be required to carry the Side Lights required for other Vessels; but shall, if they do not carry such Lights, carry a Lantern having a Green Slide on the one Side and a Red Slide on the other Side; and on the Approach of or to other Vessels, such Lantern shall be exhibited in sufficient Time to prevent Collision, so that the Green Light shall not be seen on the Port Side, nor the Red Light on the Starboard Side.

Fishing Vessels and open Boats when at Anchor, or attached to their Nets, and stationary, shall exhibit a bright White Light.

Fishing Vessels and open Boats shall, however, not be prevented from using a Flare-up in addition, if considered expedient.

Rules concerning Fog Signals.

Art. 10. Whenever there is Fog, whether by Day or Night, the Fog Signals described below shall be carried and used, and shall be sounded at least every Five Minutes, viz:—

(a.) Steam ships under weigh shall use a Steam Whistle placed before the funnel, not less than Eight feet from the deck:

(b.) Sailing ships under weigh shall use a Fog Horn:

(c.) Steam ships and Sailing ships when not under weigh shall use a Bell.

Steering and Sailing Rules.

Two Sailing Ships Meeting.

Art. 11. If two Sailing ships are meeting End on or nearly End on, so as to involve risk of Collision, the Helms of both shall be put to Port, so that each may pass on the Port Side of the other.

Two Sailing Ships Crossing.

Art. 12. When two Sailing ships are crossing so as to involve risk of Collision, then, if they have the Wind on different Sides, the ship with the Wind on the Port Side shall keep out of the Way of the Ship with the Wind on the Starboard Side;
except in the case in which the ship with the Wind on the Port Side is close hauled and the other ship free, in which case the latter ship shall keep out of the Way; but if they have the Wind on the same Side, or if One of them has the Wind aft, the ship which is to windward shall keep out of the Way of the ship which is to leeward.

Two Ships under Steam Meeting.

Art. 13. If Two ships under Steam are meeting End on or nearly End on so as to involve Risk of Collision, the Helms of both shall be put to Port, so that each may pass on the Port Side of the other.

Two Ships under Steam Crossing.

Art. 14. If Two ships under Steam are crossing so as to involve Risk of Collision, the ship which has the other on her own Starboard Side shall keep out of the Way of the other.

Sailing ship or ship under Steam.

Art. 15. If Two ships, one of which is a Sailing ship, and the other a Steam ship, are proceeding in such Directions as to involve Risk of Collision, the Steam ship shall keep out of the Way of the Sailing Ship.

Ship under steam to slacken speed.

Art. 16. Every Steam Ship, when approaching another ship so as to involve risk of Collision, shall slacken her Speed, or, if necessary, stop and reverse; and every Steam ship shall, when in a Fog, go at a moderate speed.

Vessels overtaking other Vessels.

Art. 17. Every Vessel overtaking any other Vessel shall keep out of the Way of the said last-mentioned Vessel.

Construction of Articles 12, 14, 15, 17.

Art. 18. Where by the above Rules One of Two Ships is to keep out of the Way, the other shall keep her Course, subject to the Qualifications contained in the following Article.

Provision to save special cases.

Art. 19. In obeying and construing these Rules, due regard must be had to all Dangers of Navigation; and due regard must also be had to any special Circumstances which may exist in any particular Case rendering a Departure from the above Rules necessary in order to avoid immediate Danger.

No ship under any circumstances to neglect precaution.

Art. 20. Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any ship, or the Owner, or Master, or Crew thereof, from the Consequences of any Neglect to carry Lights or Signals, or of any neglect to keep a proper Look-out, or of the Neglect of any Precautions which may be required by the ordinary Practice of Seamen, or by the special Circumstances of the Case.