2548 NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE, No. 112 4 AUGUST 2009

Notes to the financial statements

3 Significant accounting policies

(a) Basis of consolidation

(i) Subsidiaries

Subsidiaries are entities controlled by the Group. Control exists when the Group has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. In assessing control, potential voting rights that presently are exercisable are taken into account. The financial statements of subsidiaries are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases.

(ii) Transactions eliminated on consolidation

Intra-group balances, and any unrealised income and expenses arising from intra-group transactions, are eliminated in preparing the consolidated financial statements.

(b) Foreign currency

(i) Foreign currency transactions

Transactions in foreign currencies are translated to the respective functional currencies of Group entities at exchange rates at the dates of transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the reporting date are retranslated to the functional currency at the exchange rate at that date.

(c) Financial instruments

(i) Non-derivative financial instruments

Non-derivative financial instruments comprise investments in equity and debt securities, trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents, and trade and other payables.

A financial instrument is recognised if the Group becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Purchases and sales of financial assets are accounted for at the trade date.

Non-derivative financial instruments are recognised initially at fair value and, derivative financial instruments are measured as described below.

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits. Bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group’s cash management are included as a component of cash and cash equivalents for the purpose of the statement of cash flows.

Instruments at fair value through profit or loss

An instrument is classified as at fair value through profit or loss if it is held for trading or is designated as such upon initial recognition. Financial instruments are designated at fair value through profit or loss if the Group manages such investments and makes purchase and sale decisions based on their fair value. Upon initial recognition, attributable transactions costs are recognised in the income statement when incurred. Subsequent to initial recognition, financial instruments at fair value through profit or loss are measured at fair value, and changes therein are recognised in the income statement.

Investments in subsidiaries

Investments in equity securities of subsidiaries are measured at cost in the separate financial statements of the Parent.

Trade and other receivables

Trade and other receivables are stated at their amortised cost less impairment losses.

Trade and other payables

Trade and other payables are stated at amortised cost.

(ii) Derivative financial instruments

The Group uses derivative financial instruments to hedge its exposure to foreign exchange and interest rate risks arising from investment activities. In accordance with its treasury policy, the Group does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. Hedge accounting is not adopted and derivatives are recognised as trading instruments.