1856
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 54

(16) Applied Mechanics.

Linear measurements—use of scales; principle of the vernier and micro-meter and their uses. Meaning of “allowance” and “tolerance” in connection with working parts of machines; limit gauges.

Ideas of mass, density and relative density. Use of balance and the experimental determination of the densities of solid bodies. Archimedes principle. Vectorial representation of force; the parallelogram, triangle, and polygon of co-planar forces; experimental determination of the resultant of two or more co-planar forces.

The use of triangle and polygon of forces for determining the stresses in a pin-jointed framework, such that not more than three members meet at any one joint. Application to simple machines such as jibs, cranes, hinges of doors and gates, &c.

Parallel forces, centres of mass and gravity. Moments of forces; resultant moments; moments to be regarded vectorially; sum of moments to be zero for equilibrium. Application to simple machines such as levers, wheel, and axle. Spur and bevel gearing.

Energy—principle of conservation of energy—kinetic energy of moving body. Potential energy.

Work, how measured; graphical representation and calculation of force-space diagrams.

Velocity ratio; application to machines, such as pulleys, worm gears. Mechanical advantage.

Friction—general laws of friction of unlubricated surfaces experimentally verified. Fluid friction.

Efficiency of machines.

Power—measurement of power experimentally; brake horse-power.

(17) Hygiene.

(a) The Home.—General considerations of site, aspect, construction, &c., in order to obtain hygienic conditions. Value of a garden, fresh air, and sunlight. Heating and lighting. Number and arrangement of rooms. Storage of food. Water-supply (quantity of water required for each person, methods of collection and distribution; effects of insufficient or impure water-supply; methods of purification). Sanitary arrangements (good systems of domestic drainage; water and earth). Dust and dirt. Disposal of refuse. Necessity for cleanliness of home and surroundings.

(b) Personal Cleanliness.—Cleanliness, washing and bathing; structure of skin; care of the mouth and teeth; care of the hair; care of the feet; exercise and fatigue; rest and sleep; clothing; materials; cleanliness of clothing.

(c) Structure of the Body.—General idea of cell as unit of tissues and organs of the body; division of labour. General form and characteristics of body; form and relative positions of parts of skeleton and of chief muscles, organs, great blood-vessels and nerve trunks. Mode of attachment and action of muscles. The structure and mechanics of the principal joints. The arrangement of the alimentary canal. The mechanics of respiration and circulation; differences between inspired and expired air, between venous and arterial blood and between blood and lymph. The physical composition and functions of blood. The general differences between arteries, capillaries, and veins, and in the flow of blood therein. The chief sources of heat-production in the body; the mean temperature of the body of man and the chief agents keeping it uniform. A general knowledge of the arrangement of the nervous system; an elementary knowledge of the functions of the brain and spinal cord.

(d) First Aid and Home Nursing.—Signs of fracture, first aid to be rendered in such accidents; treatment of bruises and sprains. Bandaging with triangular and roller bandages. Artificial respiration and its application in cases of drowning or suffocation. Treatment of cuts and wounds; points where the main blood-vessels may be compressed. Treatment of faints, burns, scalds, bites, stings, and poisoning. Arrangement of a sick-room and general care of the sick. Infection, disinfection. Common disinfectants and antiseptics, their use and action.

The candidate will be expected to be familiar with the more important steps to be taken in dissecting, say, a rabbit, and he may be required to recognize and describe parts of the animal body from specimens or photographs.

The study of food and ventilation, which usually forms part of a prescription in hygiene, is included in the prescription for home science.