Jan. 8.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 11

at which the candidate may be placed. No mechanical means
of measurement or execution will be allowed. The drawing,
which should fairly fill the sheet of drawing-paper, should express
as clearly as possible the relative proportions and positions of the
several objects drawn, as well as their forms, contours, and
textures.

(d) Blackboard Drawing.—A practical test in blackboard drawing. In
this test several alternative exercises will be given including :—
(i) Illustration ;
(ii) Drawing of common objects or groups of objects ;
(iii) Sketch maps.

(e) English Language and Literature (Two papers).—I (a) Essay : In
the writing of the essay both the form and the matter are
important. As regards the form, attention should be paid to
the choice of words and phrases, punctuation, the division into
paragraphs, and the arrangement of the material. As regards
the matter, mere length is not required, but rather evidence of
observation, clearness of thought, possession of ideas, and general
cultivation of mind. A reasonable choice of subjects will be
given.

I (b) Language : The main aim of the language test is to discover
whether a candidate is able to appreciate and use good English.
Candidates may be required to express in their own words a
passage of moderately difficult English, or to summarize its mean-
ing in a précis. They may also be asked to explain the meaning
and use of particular words and idiomatic expressions that are
in common use. A knowledge of the elements of English grammar
will be expected, and a test in analysis and synthesis may be
given.

II Literature : This section is intended to be a test not of one year's
work of special preparation, but rather of the reading that has
been covered during the two or three years preceding the exami-
nation. Candidates should remember that the results of their
reading will be tested not only under this section, but under all
three sections of this syllabus. Candidates will be expected to
answer general questions on such plays of Shakespeare and
such works of standard authors, including modern novelists and
poets, as may from time to time be prescribed. Questions on
literary appreciation will be included.

(f) Geography.—(i) Physical and mathematical geography, as follows :
The approximate size and form of the earth ; its daily rotation ;
the north and south line ; latitude and longitude, meridians and
parallels, local time ; annual revolution of the earth round the
sun ; the altitude of the sun at the equinoxes and at the
solstices ; the inclination of the earth's axis to the plane of its
orbit ; the length of the day ; determination of latitude and
longitude ; the zones, the seasons, winds, currents, trade
winds, monsoons, weather changes. Rainfall and its distribution ;
controlling factors. Temperature ; its distribution ; isotherms.
Different types of climate ; climatic regions of the world. Con-
nection between temperature, moisture, and resultant vegetation.
Variation of vegetation with altitude and latitude. Typical
animal-life in different parts of the earth. Distribution of indus-
tries and products as controlled by physical conditions. The
work of rain, rivers, ice, wind, and sea. Scales of maps ; con-
tours ; easy map-reading. Methods of map projection (Mercator's,
equidistant and conical).

(ii) The physical, political, and economic geography of the British
Empire and of the lands bordering upon the Pacific, with special
reference to New Zealand and its dependencies.

(iii) A regional study of the geography of the rest of the world
(including great geographical discoveries and the chief trade
routes of the world).

(g) History and Civics.—A general course of British history, in which
the following shall be the main topics :—
Social life in Britain during Roman, Saxon, Danish, and
Norman times. The Church of the Middle Ages and the influence
of the monasteries. The chief characteristics of the age of
chivalry and leading figures connected with the period—the
Crusades. The break-up of the manorial system and the growth
of the towns. The addition of Wales, Scotland, and Ireland to
the English Crown. Great Britain's share in the Renaissance
and the Reformation. The early explorations of America—the