At least two-thirds of the required service must have been in
ships of the type (steam or motor) to which the desired certificate
relates. The remainder of the service may have been in either steam
or motor ships.

39. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE : SYLLABUS OF EXAMINATION.
    A candidate for a first-class certificate is required to exhibit a
    superior knowledge of all the subjects specified in section 35, and in
    either section 36 or section 37, as the case may be ; and also-
    (a). To show that he understands how to maintain in good working-
    order any machinery or other appliances which may be
    placed in his charge; how to provide against derangement
    and breakdown of the machinery; and also to demonstrate
    that he is competent to execute or direct any ordinary
    repairs or renewals that may be required:
    (b) To be able to recognize from indicator diagrams any irregula-
    rity in the working of the engines which they may reveal;
    to understand how this might be corrected; and to be able
    to portray approximately the changes any readjustment of
    the principal working-parts, or alteration in the working
    of the valves, would produce in the diagrams :
    (c) To understand how to apply the torsion-meter; and to be
    able to calculate shaft horse-power;
    (d) To possess a knowledge of the construction of an ordinary
    steel ship; and to understand how to preserve in good
    condition the structural parts in way of the machinery
    spaces, with special reference to the engine and boiler
    seatings, and the double-bottom tank, bunker, and bilge
    members:
    (e) To have a knowledge of the elements of ship-stability; and to
    be familiar with the general requirements concerning water-
    ballasting, and the storage and transfer of liquid fuel:
    (f) To be able to make a satisfactory working drawing of one or
    more of the principal parts of the machinery with which
    he ought to be familiar, or to complete and develop a given
    example; and supply the dimensions and other particulars
    necessary for the construction of the part or parts shown.
    A candidate for a first-class ordinary certificate is also required-
    (g) To understand thoroughly the working of steam expansively;
    also to have a satisfactory knowledge of the economical and
    efficient use of coal and oil fuel:
    (h) To be thoroughly conversant with the principles and practice
    of surface condensation and superheating; and to under-
    stand the requirements concerning the generation and use
    of high-pressure steam on board ship.
    For a first-class motor certificate the candidate is also required-
    (i) To have a thorough knowledge of the systems of lubrication
    usually adopted for marine internal-combustion engines
    and air-compressors, and the methods of purifying and
    preserving the fuel and lubricating oils generally used in
    motor-ships:
    (j) To understand the construction of the apparatus used by
    engineers on board ship for ascertaining the physical pro-
    erties of the fuel and lubricating oils; and to be capable
    of determining, by means of the appropriate instruments,
    the flash-point, specific gravity, and viscosity of an oil.

40. ENDORSEMENT OF CERTIFICATES.
    The holder of an ordinary certificate may have it endorsed to the
    effect that he is competent for service in the appropriate capacity in
    motor-ships, provided that he produces proof of at least nine months'
    qualifying service in the foreign or intercolonial trade, or thirteen
    and a half months' service in a qualifying capacity in the home trade,
    in motor-ships of horse-power not less than that required by these
    rules, and passes the appropriate examination.
    The holder of a motor certificate may have it endorsed for service
    in steamships, provided that he proves at least twelve months' service
    in a qualifying capacity in the foreign or intercolonial trade, or eighteen
    months' qualifying service in the home trade, in steamships of horse-
    power not less than that required by these rules, and passes the
    appropriate examination.