Oct. 31.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 2737

“ (e) Freehand Drawing.—Free drawing with pencil, pastel, or brush. The candidate will be required to draw on a quarter-imperial sheet of paper (15 in. by 11 in.) (i) a natural object or (ii) a fashioned object or a group of such objects placed before him either above or below the horizontal line of sight. The object or objects must be represented as seen from the point of view at which the candidate may be placed. No mechanical means of measurement or execution will be allowed. The drawing, which should fairly fill the sheet of drawing-paper, should express as clearly as possible the relative proportions and positions of the several objects drawn, as well as their forms, contours, and textures.

“ (d) Blackboard Drawing.—A practical test in blackboard drawing. In this test several alternative exercises will be given including :—

“ (i) Illustration ;

“ (ii) Drawing of common objects or groups of objects ;

“ (iii) Sketch maps.

“ (e) English Language and Literature (Two papers).—I (a) Essay : In the writing of the essay both the form and the matter are important. As regards the form, attention should be paid to the choice of words and phrases, punctuation, the division into paragraphs, and the arrangement of the material. As regards the matter, mere length is not required, but rather evidence of observation, clearness of thought, possession of ideas, and general cultivation of mind. A reasonable choice of subjects will be given.

“ I (b) Language : The main aim of the language test is to discover whether a candidate is able to appreciate and use good English. Candidates may be required to express in their own words a passage of moderately difficult English, or to summarize its meaning in a précis. They may also be asked to explain the meaning and use of particular words and idiomatic expressions that are in common use. A knowledge of the elements of English grammar will be expected, and a test in analysis and synthesis may be given.

“ II Literature : This section is intended to be a test not of one year’s work of special preparation, but rather of the reading that has been covered during the two or three years preceding the examination. Candidates should remember that the results of their reading will be tested not only under this section, but under all three sections of this syllabus. Candidates will be expected to answer general questions on such plays of Shakespeare and such works of standard authors, including modern novelists and poets, as may from time to time be prescribed. Questions on literary appreciation will be included.

“ (f) Geography.—(i) Physical and mathematical geography, as follows : The approximate size and form of the earth ; its daily rotation ; the north and south line ; latitude and longitude, meridians and parallels, local time ; annual revolution of the earth round the sun ; the altitude of the sun at the equinoxes and at the solstices ; the inclination of the earth’s axis to the plane of its orbit ; the length of the day ; determination of latitude and longitude ; the zones, the seasons, winds, currents, trade winds, monsoons, weather changes. Rainfall and its distribution ; controlling factors. Temperature ; its distribution ; isotherms. Different types of climate ; climatic regions of the world. Connection between temperature, moisture, and resultant vegetation. Variation of vegetation with altitude and latitude. Typical animal-life in different parts of the earth. Distribution of industries and products as controlled by physical conditions. The work of rain, rivers, ice, wind, and sea. Scales of maps ; contours ; easy map-reading. Methods of map projection (Mercator’s, equidistant and conical).

“ (ii) The physical, political, and economic geography of the British Empire and of the lands bordering upon the Pacific, with special reference to New Zealand and its dependencies.

“ (iii) A regional study of the geography of the rest of the world (including great geographical discoveries and the chief trade routes of the world).