34
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 1

2. Rotation of the earth. Day and night. Graphical representation of the varying length of day and night during the year.

3. Latitude. Apparent path of sun during the year in relation to the surface of the earth. Solstices and equinoxes; length of day and night at these times. Effect of latitude of a place on the sun’s altitude. The zones—their boundaries and their characteristics, including the broad differences between the peoples and the animals in different zones.

4. Further study of the influence of climate on the races of men and on products and industries.

5. Weathering action of sun, wind, frost, ice, and water. How plains, deltas, lakes, canyons, wide and narrow valleys, waterfalls, and rapids are formed. The effect of these formations on man and his work.

6. The causes of winds and ocean currents. Direction of these in the case of New Zealand and other countries under study. Effect of both on climate and on shipping.

7. Further study of New Zealand and Australia, with particular regard to the effect of surface features and climate on the industries of the people, the nature of the products, the positions of the towns, and the relation of these countries to each other and to other countries with which they trade. Excessively detailed information is not desired.

8. Europe broadly treated on a regional basis, and without detailed study of individual countries, but with particular attention to those that save important trade relations with New Zealand.

9. British Isles—to be treated as a whole and on broad lines, so as to give a clear idea of their main industrial activities, including mining, manufacturing, shipbuilding, and agriculture; rough division into farming and manufacturing areas; position of chief coalfields and localization of manufactures thereon; the main centres associated with them; and the sources of the raw materials used (e.g., cotton, wool, flax, rubber, iron, copper) and of Britain’s food-supply (especially meat, wheat, butter, cheese, sugar, tea, coffee, cocoa, fruit), together with the great sea routes by which they are carried. Britain’s dependence on trade and her favourable geographical position should be emphasized.

10. Canada and the United States of America to be studied only in broad outline and mainly in connection with trade relations with New Zealand.

11. Map-reading in association with the above will be required.

12. Geography in connection with the daily newspaper and with the history lesson. Books of travel.

STANDARD VI (FORM II).

1. The recording of observations relating to weather, altitude of sun, &c., to be continued as prescribed for Standard V. Comparison with school records in other parts of the Dominion. Graphical comparison of distribution of New Zealand rainfall taken in connection with the effect on forests, industries, &c. Cloud forms and formation. Fogs. Climate to be more fully studied.

2. The principal regional winds and ocean currents, and their causes. The effects of these on the peoples of different countries—e.g., the effect of the monsoons on the climate, industries, and general life of the people of India; the effect of trade winds and hurricanes on trade in the Pacific. Effects on trade and trade routes.

3. Rotation and revolution of the earth treated simply; day and night; length of year. Equator, poles, axis, tropics, zones.

4. The seasons — an elementary practical treatment; altitude of the sun connected with climate and seasonal changes; the variation in the height of the noonday sun and the consequent variation in the length of the day being taken as the causes of seasonal changes.

5. Agents of change further studied: glaciers, the sea, volcanic action. How these have affected conditions of life in different parts of the world.

6. Observation of the phases of the moon in conjunction with ocean tides. Tides as affecting shipping, particularly in New Zealand river ports.

7. Longitude and standard times—elementary notions. Practical application in aviation.

8. The geography of the British Empire with special reference to inter-Empire trade relations. The islands of the Pacific that have trade relations with New Zealand must not be omitted. The principal trade routes in the world, and in particular those between New Zealand and other countries. British naval stations and their importance.

9. An elementary study of the most important countries bordering on the Pacific and of those islands that have relations with New Zealand.