SEPT. 30.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 2999

The candidate will be required to send and to receive in prose,
for a continuous period of five minutes in each case, at a speed of not
less than ten words per minute; and he will require to have a working
knowledge of the customary procedure to be observed when communications
are being established between his station and another station ashore
or afloat, and of the regulations applying thereto. Also, he will be
examined closely in the procedure to be followed in cases where the
distress signal or other important signal is involved.

The fee prescribed by the Minister of Telegraphs to be paid by each
candidate for examination is 5s.

APPENDIX F.

EXAMINATION OF A MASTER OR MATE IN STEAM.

177. These examinations are conducted under paras. 94 to 98 of these
     regulations.

The examination is partly viva voce, and extends to a general
knowledge of the practical use of coal and oil fuel, the working of
steam engines (including turbines) and boilers, and of the various
valves, fittings, and pieces of machinery connected with them, and
of the way in which electric lighting is carried out on board ship.

Candidates must—

a. Know the names and understand the uses of the various parts of
engines and boilers, and their connecting pipes, valves, cocks, &c.

b. Have a thorough grasp of the construction of the steam engine-
and boiler, to enable them to understand the nature and importance
of any defect which may be reported to them by the chief engineer:

c. Have a knowledge of the strength of materials, of the principal
repairs required in connection with engines, boilers, and pipes, and
how these repairs are accomplished :

d. Be able to form an independent opinion as to a breakdown, and
the consequent propriety or impropriety of proceeding under steam
with temporarily repaired or defective machinery :

e. Understand how to estimate approximately the reduction of fuel
required for reduced speed, and be able to satisfy themselves as to
the sufficiency of the coal or other fuel on board for the voyage :

f. Have an intelligent grasp of the general run of pipes and connections
in the engine-room, the working of cocks, the opening and closing
of cocks and valves, and know how mistakes of importance may be made
and how best to guard against such mistakes :

g. Be capable of being left in charge of the feeding of a set of boilers,
understand the working of the water-gauge, and be able to guard
against being misled by false indications of the gauge-glass :

h. Understand the operations of blowing down and surfacing, the reasons
for such practices, and the danger which may result from the neglect
of them in certain circumstances.

A master or mate presenting himself for examination in steam must be
understood to have made up for his want of practical experience by reading
about the steam-engine. He ought therefore to show that he intelligently
understands the rationale of its action. Under this head he should be
able to state approximately the quantity of heat required in the formation
of steam ; the relation of "latent" heat to "sensible" heat ; how much
steam can be raised by the combustion of 1 lb. of fuel ; what horse-power
measure is ; what indicated horse-power is ; what is the action of the
slide-valve ; the course of the steam through the engine ; the advantage
of working expansively, and how the expansive action is shown by the
indicator diagram.

He should know the uses of the various parts of the engines and dynamos
used for electric lighting, and how they and the cables are fitted in
the hull ; how wires are jointed, insulated, and cased ; why it is desirable
they should be led along places which are dry and accessible ; what
"short-circuiting" is, and what are the causes which