1116
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 23

(e.) The causes should be taken in order and the first one applicable used.
(f.) The “number of cases” represents the number of instances dealt with by the Board or Charitable Aid Committee. “Number of persons affected” represents the persons on whose behalf the applicant applies—e.g., ten widows apply for relief, with an aggregate of thirty children dependent on them; the number of applicants would be ten, and the number of persons affected forty.

Explanation of Classification.

1. Death of Breadwinner.—“Breadwinner” is understood to mean the person who is the main support of dependents, and extends to relatives from whom the family receives an income sufficient to have a bearing on the case.
2. Imprisonment of Breadwinner.—This applies in cases where the breadwinner has been arrested and has not been released at the time of the application.
3. Desertion.—Refers to where the breadwinner is absent and has neglected to support dependents. The case of a breadwinner absent in genuine search of work would come under 5.
4. Voluntary Unemployment of Employable Breadwinner.—This refers to the person who is competent to work but who is shiftless, intemperate, a waster, or makes no sincere attempt to obtain work or to retain it when obtained.
5. Involuntary Unemployment of Employable Breadwinner.—This heading will be found particularly applicable in periods of depression, when work is unobtainable.
6. Wages of Employable Breadwinner insufficient to maintain Family.—An unskilled labourer of little value may have a large family and not be earning a living-wage.
7. Breadwinner unemployable or Wages insufficient through—
   (a.) Old age: No actual age can be given, the test being whether the applicants’ senility or enfeebleness is such as to be the reason of their unemployment.
   (b.) Physical infirmity, temporary—e.g., sickness or accident.
   (c.) Physical infirmity, permanent: Due to physical defects—e.g., loss of limbs, sight, hearing, or deformity, whether congenital or acquired, and also where breadwinner without exhibiting definite symptoms of acute disease is physically incapable of competing on equal terms with his fellows in his customary or other employment.
   (d.) Mental deficiency or insanity; in addition to persons certified insane, this heading applies in cases where the poverty is due to the applicant being mentally incapable of competing on equal terms with his fellows in his customary or other employment.
8. Cases not coming within any of the above definitions.—An attempt would be welcome to give in the form of a footnote some rough indication of the causes of poverty in such cases.

Cases of distress may occur which result merely from loss of income as distinct from loss of employment—e.g., the failure of a company in which a widow had invested all her money, or the bankruptcy of a small trader. It has, however, not been considered necessary to provide a special heading for such cases, which doubtless would resolve themselves under such headings as 4, 5, or 7 (a).

(b.) NATURE OF RELIEF GRANTED DURING YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH, 19 .

(c.) PARTICULARS OF OUTDOOR RELIEF GRANTED DURING YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH, 19 .

• This may be higher than the number of cases in Tables (a) and (b), as in many cases the person might appear under more than one heading—e.g., “Rent” and “Rations.”
  † The total of this column should agree with the item “Outdoor relief,” 3 (b), in Income and Expenditure Account.