The candidate will be expected to show that he has acquired by
actual experiment, observation, and measurement his knowledge of the
matters set forth in the above syllabus. He will be required to forward,
before the date of examination, a certificate in the prescribed form that
he has carried out satisfactorily a course of practical work based on the
syllabus.

(10.) Home Science.

Simple experiments and investigations bearing on the following:—

1. Expansion of solids, liquids, and gases. Conduction, convection, and
   radiation treated simply, and especially in their relation to household
   appliances and operations.
2. The chief properties of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and mineral
   matter.
3. The composition and structure of milk, eggs, meat, root and green
   vegetables and fruit, and of wheat in comparison with other common
   cereals.
4. Principles on which are based the various methods of preparing and
   cooking foods, including the use of baking-powders and yeast.
5. Changes in weight and character of foods in cooking.
6. Changes in food due to the agents of digestion.
   The candidate will be required to forward before the date of the
   examination a certificate in the prescribed form that she has carried out
   satisfactorily a course of practical work based on the above syllabus.

(11.) Agriculture.

The candidate will be expected to show (a) that he has a practical
knowledge of the operations incident to the work of a school-garden, and
(b) that he has conducted experiments and observations bearing on the
life and growth of plants, on the lines indicated below under the head of
“Experimental and Observational Work”:

(a.) Work in the Garden.—General: Preparation of the land; digging,
trenching, hoeing, raking, and surface cultivation. Drawing drills. Sowing.
thinning, pricking off, hardening, and planting out seedlings. Methods of
treating light and heavy soils. Fertilizers; the time of year and the
condition in which to apply fertilizers; the selection of fertilizers for
particular purposes. Use of lime, soot, clay, road-sweepings, ashes, leaf-
mould, &c., as soil-improvers. Arrangement of the garden to the best
advantage from the points of view of space, succession of crops, and weeding.
Special: Methods of plant-cultivation. Cultivation and management
of—

(i.) Green, pod-bearing, and tap-rooted vegetables, potatoes, onions,
vegetable marrows, tomatoes. Gathering and storing of
vegetables.
(ii.) Cereals and other grasses, and fodder-plants generally. Succession of crops. An elementary study of the common weeds
of the candidate’s district.

(b.) Experimental and Observational Work.—The seed: Parts of the seed.
Conditions necessary for germination and growth. Testing the vitality of
seeds. The collection and preservation of seed. Experiments illustrating
the phenomena of germination and the establishment of the young plant
(e.g., absorption of moisture by seeds; temperature of and pressure exerted
by germinating seeds; how seeds escape from their covers; how seeds
get buried in the soil; how young plants get above the ground; and how
they deal with obstacles met with during the process; how seeds on the
surface get their roots into the ground; proof that germinating seeds take
in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide, &c.).

The root: The function of the root. Root-systems. The use of root-
hairs and root-caps. Effect of injury to these parts. How roots grow.
Experiments illustrating the work of roots (e.g., relation between root-hairs
and soil-particles; exploration of soil by roots in search of moisture; the
quantity of water required by roots; use made by roots of mineral matters
dissolved out of soil by water; proof that roots require air and give out
carbon dioxide, &c.).

The leaf: The general structure, forms, and functions of leaves, treated
simply.

Stems and their modifications. Buds.

The flower and fruit: The parts of the flower and their functions.
Causes influencing the opening and closing of flowers. Pollination. The
formation of fruits. Different types of fruits. Devices for the protection
of seeds from foes. Dissemination of seeds.

The soil: How soil is made. The mechanical analysis of soil. The
texture of soil. The soil as a sponge from which a plant may obtain water,