OCT. 28.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 3027

(b.) Early explorers, traders, missionaries.
(c.) Commencement of systematic colonization; leading colonizers.
(d.) Chief conflicts with the Maoris.
(e.) Crown colony period; Provincial Government; present Constitution.
(f.) Discovery of gold; development of primary industries.
(g.) Work of early Governors; policy of leading Premiers.
(h.) Features of modern progress.
6. Landmarks of industrial and social progress during the eighteenth
and nineteenth centuries.
7. An elementary knowledge of civics under the following headings;
The Crown, Privy Council, Parliament, local governments, franchise, and
elections. Executive functions of Government; Law Courts, methods of
preventing and punishing crime; taxation, customs, the national debt;
principal State Departments; land-settlement; co-operation; methods of
industrial peace; causes and prevention of poverty.

GROUP II.
(4.) General Experimental Science.
(All science candidates take Section 1. In addition, chemistry candidates
take Section 2; other science candidates take either Section 2 or Section 3.)
Section 1.—British and metric systems of measurement. Errors of
observation and errors arising from too great reliance upon arithmetical
calculations. Volumes of solids and liquids. Use of the balance. Flotation
(iceberg, ship, Plimsoll line, submarine boat, dirigible). Principle of Archi-
medes. Density and specific gravity of solids and liquids. Common
hydrometer and lactometer. Simple experiments dealing with solution of
gases and solids in liquids. Evaporation, condensation, distillation, filtration,
crystallization, emulsion.
Section 2.—Ideas of pressure and thrust in fluids (U tube, water-level,
spirit-level, gauge-glass, town water-supply, artesian well). Transmission
of fluid pressure (hydraulic press, jack, pressure-gauge). Pressure of gases
(Boyle's law, syringe, siphon, cycle-pump, lift-pump). The barometer
(mercurial and aneroid). Representation of forces. The spring balance.
Experimental determination of the resultant of two concurrent forces and
of parallel forces; graphical determination of the former. Moments and
the couple. Tests of accuracy of a balance and methods of weighing.
Centre of gravity and its bearing on equilibrium. Determination of position
of centre of gravity in very simple cases. Simple and common contrivances
based upon the lever and the inclined plane.
Section 3.—Simple experiments on the properties and composition of air.
Combustion (fire, candle, bunsen burner, gas-stoves, petrol). Ventilation
and heating of rooms. Oxidation and the formation of oxides, particularly
oxides of carbon. Respiration and the carbon cycle. Composition and
properties of water. Simple experiments of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon.
And either—
(a.) The difference between chemical and physical change and between
mechanical mixtures and chemical compounds; indestructibility of matter;
hard and soft waters; chief impurities of water; an elementary study of sulphuric acid, caustic soda,
common salt, washing-soda, copper sulphate, and limestone as
examples of acids, alkalies, and salts; or—
(b.) Simple study of the plant as an organic whole; an elementary
knowledge of the chemical constituents of plants and the
sources from which the plant derives them, treated as a cycle
of transformations from living to non-living matter and back
again; simple qualitative and quantitative experiments
illustrating the nutrition of plants, the conduction of water
and food substances in the plant, storage of reserve material,
respiration, and transpiration; influences of temperature,
moisture, and light on the growth of plants.
The candidate will be expected to show that he has acquired by actual
experiment, observation, and measurement his knowledge of the matters
set forth in the sections of the above syllabus selected by him; but he will
not be expected to show that he is familiar with other than the simple
apparatus and appliances commonly used in connection with elementary
instruction in practical physics or chemistry in secondary schools. He will
be required to forward, before the date of examination, a certificate in the
prescribed form that he has carried out satisfactorily a course of practical
work based on the syllabus.