2968

THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.

No. 85

Section II. (4.)

(a.) Elementary Botany.—As for Class D, together with a general knowledge of the following additional natural orders—viz., Coniferae, Verbenaceae, Cupiliferae, Tiliaceae, Laurineae ; or

(b.) Geography.—As for Class D; or

(c.) History and Civics.—As for Class D.

Section III. (1.) Principles of Education and Methods of Teaching.

(i.) The chief physiological, psychological, and ethical characteristics of the infant, the child, the adolescent, and the adult; the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems, and the conditions of their healthy developments. The nature of fatigue. The development at the various stages of growth of instinct, emotion, sentiment, will, habit, memory, imagination, and judgment, and the educability of them.

(ii.) Principles and methods of teaching as applied generally in carrying out the aims of education through the normal pursuits of the school. Candidates will be required to possess a knowledge of the following and their pedagogical implications: Stimulus and response; native and acquired responses; imitation and suggestion; perception and apperception; association, memory and imagination, habit, and the acquisition of skill; reasoning. Mental development and the conditions of effective learning.

(iii.) Methods of teaching particularly applicable to manual training. The character of manual instruction and sequence of lessons suitable for children of different ages. The preparation of schemes of work to meet the requirements of schools of various types. Class management, arrangement of pupils, use of blackboards, diagrams, and notebooks. The special characteristics of various methods of teaching subjects, the preparation of notes of lessons on any subject connected with manual training. The technique of class-room practice, including recognized methods of presenting material to the pupils, methods of stimulating observation, inquiry, and self-reliance; the application of approved methods of teaching to handicraft subjects. The correlation of manual training with other subjects of the school curriculum. Discipline as a school problem, the use of rewards and punishments.

Section III. (2.) Drawing II—Technological.

(a.) General.—The geometrical intersections of solids, objects, and machine parts bounded by surfaces of revolution, including plane and cylinder; the development of figures with plane, cylindrical, or conical surfaces, appropriate for construction in paper, cardboard, wood, or sheet metal; the dihedral angle between two plane surfaces and its applications. Simple designing may form part or the whole of a question and will include appropriateness of construction, harmony of general proportions, and the use with proper restraint of ornamental features suitable to the materials used and the methods of construction employed.

(b.) The construction of accurate detailed working drawings; freehand sketches and views by suitable methods of projection.

(i.) In relation to woodwork, the drawing of simple solids and forms of construction such as housing, halving, bridling, mortising, halved dovetailing, and through dovetailing, and frames and objects in which these forms of construction play the principal part.

(ii.) In relation to metalwork, candidates will be required to make scale drawings from dimensioned sketches of such examples as the following:

(1.) Exercises which come within the syllabus of the practical tests, including simple intersections of flat and curved surfaces and developments as required more particularly for the setting-out of objects which are to be made of sheet metal.

(2.) Simple workshop-machines, apparatus, and tools. Also general machine details such as keys, pins, washers, bolts and nuts, rivets, and other fastenings applied to the foregoing.

(3.) Accurate projections of hexagonal bolt-heads, the chamfered surface being either conical or spherical, also large screws with V or square threads, the helical curves to be accurately projected.. Ordinary methods of representation of screw-threads may be employed when it is not stated that they are to be accurately projected.

Section III. (3.) Written Paper on the Technology of Woodwork and Metalwork.

More advanced questions may be set on the programme for the first year, and in addition a knowledge will be required—

A. In relation to Woodwork—(1.) Tools: Reasons for the selection of certain tools for handicraft purposes in preference to others; the mechanical principles underlying the construction and manipulation of tools; the historical development of tools; supplementary tools and appliances for the construction of scientific and other apparatus; the importance of sequence in the introduction of tools in a course. Machine tools, including the lathe—their use and abuse in school woodwork.