996 THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. [No. 25

(c.) The non-provision or insufficient provision of window
area for the admission of sunlight to such building :
(d.) Any dirty, foul-smelling, or dilapidated covering or
coating on the interior walls or ceilings of such
building :
(e.) Any structural defect in the floors, walls, or ceilings,
or any decayed timber existing in the floor, walls,
or ceilings, of such building :
(f.) By reason of any other sanitary defect whatsoever—
then and in every case it shall be the duty of the owner of
any such building, upon being served with a notice by the
local authority or the Inspector so to do, to execute and do
all necessary works and repairs, within the time limited as
may be specified in such notice, to restore such occupied
building to a proper state of repair and habitable condition
to the satisfaction of the person by whom the said notice was
issued.

46. It shall be the duty of every person on whose premises
    any building or erection may have been or shall be erected,
    added to, or altered, or repaired, to cause the provisions of
    these by-laws to be complied with as regards such buildings,
    erection, addition, alteration, or repair, and also as regards
    every drain, gutter, spout, downpipe, trap, waste-pipe,
    gully-grating, ventilation-shaft, and other sanitary or other
    convenience or appliance of or appertaining to such building,
    erection, addition, alteration, or repair ; and every failure
    on the part of any such person as aforesaid to cause any such
    provision to be complied with as aforesaid shall be deemed to
    be an offence by such person, notwithstanding that under
    this or any other by-law any builder, licensed drain-connector,
    plumber, or any other person may also be liable to a penalty
    in respect to the same matter.

47. No owner of any building erected, re-erected, or altered
    after the coming into force of this by-law shall permit such
    building to be used until and unless the Inspector shall give
    a certificate stating that this by-law has been complied with
    in every particular and detail of such building.

Wooden Buildings.

48. Every building to be hereafter erected within the
    district, and all additions or alterations to buildings already
    or hereafter to be erected, shall be constructed or made only
    in the manner and of the materials specified in the following
    schedules :—
    (a.) Foundations shall consist of heart-of-totara blocks or
    other approved material. If blocks are used the
    shall have not less than 36 in. sectional area, be
    bedded at least 18 in. in solid ground, and under all
    wall and sleeper plates shall be placed so that the
    centre of each block is not more than 4 ft. 6 in.
    from the centre of each next adjacent block. Piles
    shall in no case be carried to a greater height than
    4 ft. 6 in. above the ground-level ; and where,
    owing to the configuration of the ground, the lowest
    or ground-floor joists require to be set at a greater
    height than the above, then a dwarf wall for their
    support must be constructed with studs and plates
    as hereinafter directed for outer walls. Bottom and
    sleeper plates shall be laid on an approved brick,
    stone, concrete, or pile foundation. Plates shall
    in all cases be the full width of studs by a minimum
    depth of 2 in. for bottom and intermediate plates and
    2 in. for top plates. Sleeper-plates and bearer-plates
    shall in no case have less than 12 in. sectional area.
    (b.) Every external and party wall shall have solid studs
    of not less than the following area in cross-section
    and spaced as hereinafter mentioned :—

For buildings not exceeding 14 ft. from bottom
plate to top plate, 4 in. by 2 in., and spaced not more
than 18 in. between the centres.

For buildings exceeding 14 ft. and not exceeding
25 ft. from bottom plate to top plate :—If in two
stories—lower story, 6 in. by 2 in. or 4 in. by 3 in. ;
upper story, 4 in. by 2 in. : if in one story, 5 in.
by 2 in. throughout ; and in every case the studs
shall be spaced at not exceeding 18 in. centres.

For buildings exceeding 25 ft. in height and in
buildings for any special purpose the studs shall be
of such sectional area and be so spaced as the local
authority may direct.

For cross-walls and partitions studs shall be not
less than 4 in. by 2 in. or equivalent area, at 18 in.
centres.

Detached washhouses and outhouses may be con-
structed with 3 in. by 2 in. framing.

All buildings shall have every external wall of
every story securely braced either by braces of not
less size than 3 in. by 2 in. cut between studs, or by
battens not less than 4 in. by 1 in. checked flush
with the external surface of studs and into all plates.
(c.) The ground-floors of dwellings shall have bearer-plates
of not less than 12 in. sectional area, and no floor-
joists shall be spaced at a greater distance than
18 in. centres, and no floor-joists shall be less than
the following dimensions : For spans up to 6 ft., 5 in.
by 2 in. ; over 6 ft. and up to 9 ft., 6 in. by 2 in. ;
over 9 ft. and up to 14 ft., 9 in. by 2 in. ; over 14 ft.
and up to 18 ft., 12 in. by 2 in. ; over 18 ft. and up
to 20 ft., 12 in. by 3 in. ; over 20 ft. span, such
sectional area as may be approved. All floor-joists
shall have a bearing of at least the full width of the
plates on which they rest. All upper-floor joists
having over 14 ft. spans shall be strengthened by
herring-boning.

Ceiling-joists and rafters shall in no case be less
than 4 in. by 2 in. sectional area, spaced so as not
to exceed 20 in. centres.
(d.) Roofs shall be constructed to support with safety 50 lb.
per superficial foot, inclusive of their own weight.

Brick Buildings.

49. Foundations.—Every brick, stone, or concrete wall here-
    after erected shall have solid foundations of stone, iron, steel,
    or concrete laid upon solid ground, or otherwise as approved
    by the Inspector.
50. No person shall, unless by consent of the Inspector,
    hereafter construct, erect, or put up any wall of brick or
    concrete unless the same shall have a proper damp-course of
    either sheet lead of not less than 4 lb. per superficial foot,
    asphalt 1/2 in. thick, or slates laid in cement, or other approved
    damp-proof material, beneath the level of the lowest timbers,
    and above the level of the surface of the ground adjoining
    such wall, as shall be determined by the Inspector.
51. Every external wall and every party wall hereafter
    erected must be built wholly of bricks or stone, or bricks
    and stone together, laid in with mortar or cement, in such
    manner as to produce substantial work, or of substantial
    concrete. No part of such wall shall overhang any part
    beneath it ; and every such wall must be carried up from
    the ground the full thickness specified in the schedule follow-
    ing :—

Schedule for determining the thickness of external walls and
party walls which may be hereafter built within the limits of
the Portobello Road District :—
(a.) If the building be not more than 13 ft. high, the thick-
ness of the external walls and party walls must be
at the least 8 1/2 in. from the top of the footing to the
top of the wall.
(b.) If the building be more than 13 ft. and not more than
25 ft. high, the thickness of the external walls must
be at the least 13 in. from the top of the footing to
the under-side of the topmost floor, and at the least
8 1/2 in. from the under-side of the topmost floor to
the top of the wall. The thickness of the party
walls must be at the least 8 1/2 in. from the top of the
footing to the top of the wall.
(c.) If the building be more than 25 ft. and not more than
40 ft. high, the thickness of the external walls ex-
ceeding 35 ft. in length must be at least 17 1/2 in. from
the top of the footing to the under-side of the floor
next below the topmost floor, and at the least 13 in.
from the under-side of the floor next below the
topmost floor to the under-side of the topmost
floor, and at the least 8 1/2 in. from the under-side
of the topmost floor to the top of the wall.

The thickness of the external walls not exceeding
35 ft. in length must be at the least 13 in. from the
top of the footing to the under-side of the topmost
floor, and at the least 8 1/2 in. from the under-side
of the topmost floor to the top of the wall. The
thickness of the party walls (any length) must be
at the least 13 in. from the top of the footing to
the under-side of the topmost floor, and at the
least 8 1/2 in. from the under-side of the topmost floor
to the top of the wall.
(d.) If the building be more than 40 ft. and not more
than 54 ft. high, the thickness of the external walls
and party walls exceeding 35 ft. in length must be
at the least 17 1/2 in. from the top of the footing to
the under-side of the floor next below the topmost
floor, and at the least 13 in. from the under-side
of the floor next below the topmost floor to the
under-side of the topmost floor, and at the least
8 1/2 in. from the under-side of the topmost floor to
the top of the wall.

The thickness of the ex-
ternal walls and party walls not exceeding 35 ft.
in length must be at the least 17 1/2 in. from the top
of the footing to the under-side of the floor next
but one below the topmost floor, and at the least
13 in. from the under-side of the floor next but one
below the topmost floor to the under-side of the
topmost floor, and at the least 8 1/2 in. from the under-
side of the topmost floor to the top of the wall. If
the lowest story is built of rubble stonework, the
thickness of the external and party walls shall be at
least 22 1/2 in. for the height of that story.