3784

THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.

[No. 111

Work to be passed by Inspector.

Any and all work connected in any way with the drainage
of any premises shall be executed in every respect in accord-
anee with these by-laws. All such work shall be inspected
by the Inspector, and every facility shall be offered for such
inspection. No underground or enclosed work shall on any
account be covered up or concealed from view until the same
has been duly tested and passed by the Inspector.

In case of Defective Workmanship.

If any drain, pipe, trap, water-closet, urinal, sink, or other fit-
ting shall be begun, laid, or completed in contravention of any
of the provisions of these by-laws, or shall be or become of bad
or defective quality, the person by whom such work shall be
so begun, laid, or completed, or the occupier of the premises,
shall, by a notice in writing which shall be signed by the
Clerk and shall be duly served upon or delivered to such
person, be required, on or before such day as shall be specified
in such notice, by a statement in writing under his hand or
under the hand of an agent duly authorized in that behalf
and duly served upon the Board, to show sufficient cause
why such drain, pipe, trap, water-closet, urinal, sink, or other
fitting shall not be removed, altered, repaired, or pulled down,
or shall be required, on such day and at such time and place
as shall be specified in such notice, to attend personally, or
by an agent duly authorized in that behalf, before the Board,
and show cause why such drain, pipe, trap, water-closet,
urinal, sink, or other fitting shall not be removed, altered,
repaired, or pulled down. If such person shall fail to show
sufficient cause why such drain, pipe, trap, water-closet,
urinal, sink, or other fitting shall not be removed, altered,
repaired, or pulled down he shall proceed within forty-eight
hours to remove, alter, repair, or pull down, and shall remove,
alter, repair, or pull down the same. The Board may, should
it think fit, on failure by the person liable to perform such
removal, alteration, or repair, remove, alter, or repair the said
improper or defective fitting, and charge the owner or occupier
of the premises with the cost incurred.

Size of House Drains.

Every house drain shall be not less than 4 in. internal
diameter, and shall be constructed of glazed stoneware or
cast-iron pipes of the best quality. No soft-burnt, cracked,
crooked, or distorted pipes shall be used; right-angled
junctions shall not be used ; curves shall be formed by proper
bendpipes.

Method of laying Drains.

As far as possible all house drains shall be laid in straight
lines; where changes of direction occur, these shall be made
by open manholes or by bendpipes as directed by the In-
spector. The pipes shall be laid with true gradients, the
inclination as steep as circumstances will conveniently permit,
if possible, not less than 1 in 40 for 4 in. pipes and 1 in 60 for
6 in. pipes. All pipe-trenches shall be carefully cut in the
solid ground and well rammed, and all pipes laid as follows :—
All earthenware pipes shall be carefully laid and bedded
on a concrete bed 4 in. thick up to the shoulders, and jointed
in 2-to-1 cement mortar; the concrete must be put in care-
fully round them and rammed, to fill in everything tight.
Also, after the cement joint has been made, a scraper must
be used inside to remove any mortar that has squeezed in,
and the joints left perfectly level. All gully-traps and dis-
connecting traps must have at least 4 in. of concrete under
and around them, and be well bedded in it up to their top.

Iron Pipes under Buildings.

As far as possible no drainpipe shall pass beneath any
building. Where, however, this is unavoidable, the pipe
must be of cast iron, lead-jointed, or if of stoneware the
pipe must be bedded in and surrounded with good cement
concrete 4 in. in thickness. In every such case the pipe shall
be ventilated in the manner directed by the Inspector by a
suitable shaft or opening at each end. Such drains shall be
laid in a direct line for the whole distance beneath the build-
ing. Should the drain have to pass through an opening in
the wall, such opening shall be large enough to leave a clear
space of 2 in. all round the pipe.

Ventilator Shafts.

Every branch drain exceeding 15 ft. in length shall be
furnished with a ventilation shaft having a diameter of 3 in.
Such connection shall be made on the drain by means of a
vertical branch. No part of such shaft shall be placed inside
any building. Such shaft shall be carried to a height not
less than 3 ft. above the highest point of the highest roof
within a radius of 50 ft. in a horizontal direction from the
shall be fixed on the top thereof. The outlet of the ventila-
tion shaft shall be placed as far away as possible, not being
less than 6 ft., measured in any direction, from any window
or chimney top. No connection other than with the drain
shall be made to any main ventilation shaft. Where under-
ground, every such ventilation shaft shall be of stoneware
drainpipes laid in a workmanlike and efficient manner, to the
satisfaction of the Inspector, or of cast-iron pipe with lead or
rust joints. To a height of 6 ft. above the surface of the
ground the shaft shall be of cast iron, not less than & in.
in thickness, similarly jointed, or of screwed wrought-iron
piping, thence of its outlet it may be of cast iron, screwed
wrought-iron pipe, 6 lb. lead, or galvanized iron of not less
than 22 B.W.G. The connection between the stoneware and
the vertical pipe shall be made with cement, which together
with all other joints shall be perfectly airtight. If galvanized
iron is used, the pipes shall be made with double-lapped and
soldered longitudinal joints in long lengths, and transverse
joints shall be not less than 2 in. in length, slipped or socketed
and soldered. The connection between the galvanized-iron
pipe and the cast-iron portion of the shaft shall be of lead,
run in and caulked, the portion of the galvanized-iron pipe
inside the socket of the cast-iron pipe being strengthened by
a galvanized-iron band, 3 in. wide, of 22 B.W.G. soldered to
it. Putty shall not under any circumstances be used for
jointing any ventilation pipes. No angular joints or elbows
shall be used below the eaves-level. The shaft shall be
properly constructed and supported and carried in as direct
a manner as possible.

Ventilating-pipes.

At the head of every house drain a proper and effective
ventilating-pipe with a proper and effective top shall be
provided, and shall be carried up at least 3 ft. above the
eaves of the adjacent building, or to the ridge of the roof,
as may be directed. No communication whatever will be
allowed with the interior of any building except by means of
a proper trap (in addition to that fixed by the Board at the
boundary), and duly ventilated by a pipe carried up to a
sufficient height.

Ventilating-pipes outside Buildings.

Pipes used solely as ventilating-pipes and situated wholly
outside buildings may be of cast iron, galvanized iron, lead,
or stoneware. Where one such pipe only is fixed upon a
line of drain, its internal diameter shall be not less than 4 in.;
where more than one pipe is fixed on the same line of drain,
the internal diameter of each pipe shall not be less than 3 in.
Ventilation pipes shall be carried up without angles or hori-
zontal lengths 3 ft. at least above the eaves, or, better, to
3 ft. above the ridge of the highest adjacent building, as
may be directed by the Inspector. Rain-water pipes shall
not be used as ventilators. As far as possible all ventilating-
pipes shall be placed outside buildings.

Waste-pipes.

All sanitary fittings, including baths, sinks, and lavatories,
must have traps fixed immediately under their intake, and
shall not be connected directly with any drain, but shall
discharge over a gully-trap in the open air at a height of not
less than 3 in. or more than 6 in. above the level of the water
seal thereof. Washtubs fixed in a detached building having
a length of waste exceeding 6 ft. must have a trap fixed on
same. Any waste-pipes not exceeding 6 ft. in length may
discharge over a watertight concrete channel led to a gully-
trap not more than 6 ft. distant. Two or more tubs may
connect to one trap, such joint to be above water seal of
trap. The traps to such waste-pipes to be approved self-
cleansing siphon type, having a water seal of not less than
2 in. A cleansing screw must be wiped to each trap.

Where one waste-pipe exceeds 14 ft. in length, or receives
the discharge from two or more branch waste-pipes, and the
length from the more distant siphon trap to the end of main
waste is more than 12 ft., such waste-pipe shall be carried
up without diminution to a point 3 ft. above roof of building
to which it is attached. The branch waste-pipe entering
such main waste shall be trapped and ventilated by pipes
of same diameter as the largest branch, which shall be carried
up 3 ft. above roof or branched into main waste-pipe at a
height of not less than 3 ft. above highest branch. All sani-
tary pipes and fittings shall be placed against external walls
where possible.

In the case of hotels, boardinghouses, restaurants, and
eating-houses there shall be provided, in addition to the
above requirements, a suitable and effective grease-trap pro-
vided with flushing-rim and automatic flushing-tank.

No wood shall be built around sinks unless well bedded
round with red-lead putty to the satisfaction of the Inspector.
Overflow-pipes from sanitary fittings must discharge into
the open air where directed by the Inspector, and be pro-
vided with a hinged flap or grating.

Sanitary Appliances forbidden inside Buildings.

No sink, gully, water-closet, urinal, bath, lavatory, wash-
house, or other appliance for domestic, trade, or manufact-
turing purposes necessitating drainage therefrom will be