Dec. 16.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 3691

The solving of easy practical problems by the unitary rule, by practice,
and by other methods based on first principles. Bills of accounts, and dis-
count thereon.

(d.) Fourth Year (S6).—Vulgar and decimal fractions (excluding com-
plicated expressions and sums in recurring decimals); percentages applied
to simple examples, including easy direct cases of interest, profit and loss,
commission and tradesmen’s discount (banker’s discount, true discount,
and inverse questions in percentages are excluded). The following terms
in the metric weights and measures, concretely illustrated and applied to
very simple examples—(a) kilometer, meter, decimeter, centimeter, milli-
meter; (b) kilogram, gram; (c) liter (cubic decimeter). Square root; easy
mensuration of plane surfaces and of solids bounded by planes and of the
cylinder. Suitable mental arithmetic; shorter methods of working sums
in lower classes generally.

The knowledge of the work of any class in English and in arithmetic
shall be deemed to presuppose a knowledge of the work of any lower class
in the same subject.

(3.) Drawing and Handwork.

(i.) Drawing: It is recommended that, where the Senior Division is
divided into two, three, or four separate classes, the instruction in drawing
should include such work as that described below, any suitable program
on these lines being accepted; but in any other case a smaller program
may be drawn up, provided that sufficient instruction is given in free drawing
from actual objects, in the use of simple drawing-instruments, and in the
knowledge of colour.

First Two Years.—The representation with chalk, pencil, or brush of
simple natural and fashioned objects (for examples see clause 31), also of
simple flat ornamental shapes cut out on a large scale in cardboard, &c.,
and, in S4, of circular shapes unforeshortened and then foreshortened.
Memory and imaginative drawing.

The construction to given dimensions of rectilinear figures of three,
four, six, and eight sides, and of circles and parts of circles. Drawing to
scale in plan and elevation very simple straight-lined objects.

Elementary practice in pattern-making (with known forms as units)
illustrating the principle of symmetry, and (with brush and colour) in mass
filling, direct representation, without outline, of simple shapes, and colour-
matching.

The instruction in drawing should be associated with suitable instruction
in handwork; the free drawing with modelling in plasticine or clay, and the
instrumental drawing with brick-laying, paper-work, cardboard-work,
or light woodwork.

S5 and S6.—The instruction in drawing should include—The representa-
tion with chalk, pencil, or brush of simple natural and fashioned object-
(for examples see clause 31), of flat shapes cut out on a large scale in cards
board, &c.; also of foreshortened rectilinear shapes leading up to the pic-
torial representation of simple objects. Memory drawing. The free drawing
should be associated, if practicable, with modelling in plasticine or clay.

Drawing to scale in plan and elevation, from the pupils’ own direct
measurements, simple objects based on the cube and prism and on simple
combinations of these; practical exercises involving the careful setting-
out of lines and angles; use of protractor. The instrumental drawing
should, in the absence of facilities for instruction in woodwork, be asso-
ciated with constructive work in cardboard or some other suitable medium.

Elementary design and colour work. Only units derived from forms
known to the pupils are to be employed.

(ii.) Handwork: One of the following—Woodwork, work in iron, ele-
mentary agriculture, dairy-work, cookery, and practical home science (girls).

NOTE.—(i.) In exceptional cases of schools where provision for one of
the subjects of handwork specified in (ii) above is not found practicable,
a suitable extension of the handwork subjects prescribed for S3 and S4
may be made, in association with a further development of drawing.
(ii.) Any of the above subjects may be taken by S4 pupils as their handwork
subject in schools where classes including such pupils would be recognized
under the Regulations for Manual and Technical Instruction. (iii.) In the
case of girls, needlework, if taken in conjunction with a satisfactory course
of practical home science, shall be held to satisfy the requirements of
handwork.

(4.) Nature-study and Elementary Science.

A graduated course for the four years should be drawn up from the topics
suggested under these heads in the Appendix; but any suitable program
may be accepted by the Inspector. In country schools work preliminary