776

THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.

[No. 15

food substances and beverages; standard diets; daily and balanced rations; importance of good habits of eating and drinking; effects of exercise on digestion. The effect of stimulants; harmful effects of alcohol; putrefactive changes in food and the signs of such changes; food-poisoning. The mechanics of respiration and circulation; differences between inspired and expired air, between venous and arterial blood, and between blood and lymph.

The physical composition and functions of blood. The general differences between arteries, capillaries, and veins, and in the flow of blood therein.

The factors influencing the amount of the expiratory output of carbonic acid. The chief sources of heat-production in the body; the mean temperature of the body in man, and the chief agents keeping it uniform. The general structure and functions of the skin. The importance of cleanliness and of sanitary habits; washing and bathing; materials of clothing; body and bed clothing. The general structure and action of the vocal organs. Composition and impurities of air; breathing-exercises; artificial respiration and its application in cases of drowning or suffocation. Treatment of cuts and wounds; points where the main blood-vessels may be compressed. Treatment of faints, burns, scalds, bites, stings, and poisoning. Prevention of epidemic and endemic diseases. Antiseptics and disinfectants, their selection and application. First aid in cases of insensibility, sudden illness, or collapse; methods of lifting and the conveyance of the sick or injured. A general knowledge of the nervous system as a whole; an elementary knowledge of the general structure and functions of the brain and spinal cord; brain centres; co-ordination and association; the distinction between motor and sensory nerves as regards the parts to which they go and the results produced by nervous impulses through them; the structures concerned in reflex action.

Requirements of a healthy nervous system (nourishment, regular habits, exercise, manual and intellectual work, periods of rest and change of occupation). Evil effects of malnutrition, overstrain, impure air, bad habits. Physical and mental fatigue; sleep. The different kinds of sensations; the megascopic structure of the eye-ball so far as can be observed by ordinary dissection; the parts of the eye traversed by rays of light and the alteration thus produced in the direction of the rays; the blind spot; accommodation. Eye-strain and its common causes; long and short sight; removal of foreign bodies from the eye.

A knowledge of the megascopic structure of the ear so far as is necessary to explain how sound-waves are conveyed to the nerves of hearing.

Elementary principles of school hygiene. Measurement of height, weight, and chest of school-children. Detection of early signs and symptoms of common infectious diseases, and of physical and mental defects.

Candidates will be expected to be familiar with the more important steps to be taken in dissecting, say, a rabbit, and they may be required to recognize and describe parts of the animal body from specimens or photographs.

Candidates will be required to produce evidence of having satisfactorily attended an approved course in First Aid and Ambulance.

(12.) Vocal Music.—(a.) Paper-work: The notation of time, tune, &c. Candidates will be expected to show an acquaintance with both the tonic sol-fa and the staff notations. The order and manner of teaching, to include the subjects of breathing, voice-training (with suitable exercises for class use), time, tune, ear-training, &c. The diatonic (major and minor) and chromatic scales. The common terms and signs used in music. The writing of one or more simple tunes from memory, also of suitable blackboard exercises for specific objects.