APRIL 6.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 1221

white light in a lantern so constructed as to show a clear,
uniform, and unbroken light visible all round the horizon
at a distance of at least 1 mile.
A vessel of 150 feet or upwards in length, when at
anchor, shall carry in the forward part of the vessel, at
a height of not less than 20, and not exceeding 40 feet
above the hull, one such light, and at or near the stern
of the vessel, and at such a height that it shall be not
less than 15 feet lower than the forward light, another
such light.
The length of a vessel shall be deemed to be the length
appearing in the certificate of registry.
A vessel aground in or near a fairway shall carry the
above light or lights and the two red lights prescribed
by Article 4 (a).
Article 12. Every vessel may, if necessary in order to
attract attention, in addition to the lights which she is
by these Rules required to carry, show a flare-up light
or use any detonating signal that cannot be mistaken for
a distress signal.
Article 13. Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with
the operation of any special rules made by the Government
of any nation with respect to additional station and
signal lights for two or more ships of war or for vessels
sailing under convoy, or with the exhibition of recognition
signals adopted by shipowners, which have been authorized by their respective Governments and duly registered
and published.
Article 14. A steam-vessel proceeding under sail only,
but having her funnel up, shall carry in daytime, forward, where it can best be seen, one black ball or shape
2 feet in diameter.

Sound Signals for Fog, &c.

Article 15. All signals prescribed by this Article for
vessels under way shall be given :—

1. By “steam-vessels,” on the whistle or siren.
2. By “sailing-vessels and vessels towed,” on the fog-horn.
   The words “prolonged blast” used in this Article shall
   mean a blast of from 4 to 6 seconds’ duration.
   A steam-vessel shall be provided with an efficient whistle
   or siren, sounded by steam or some substitute for steam,
   so placed that the sound may not be intercepted by any
   obstruction, and with an efficient fog-horn, to be sounded
   by mechanical means, and also with an efficient bell.* A
   sailing-vessel of 20 tons gross tonnage or upwards shall be
   provided with a similar fog-horn and bell.
   In fog, mist, falling snow, or heavy rain-storms, whether by day or night, the signals described in this Article
   shall be used as follows, viz. :—
   (a.) A steam-vessel having way upon her shall sound,
   at intervals of not more than 2 minutes, a prolonged blast.
   (b.) A steam-vessel under way, but stopped and having
   no way upon her, shall sound, at intervals of not
   more than 2 minutes, 2 prolonged blasts, with an
   interval of about 1 second between them.
   (c.) A sailing-vessel under way shall sound, at intervals
   of not more than 1 minute, when on the starboard
   tack one blast, when on the port tack two blasts
   in succession, and when with the wind abaft the
   beam three blasts in succession.
   (d.) A vessel, when at anchor, shall, at intervals of not
   more than 1 minute, ring the bell rapidly for
   about 5 seconds.
   (e.) A vessel, when towing a vessel employed in laying
   or in picking up a telegraph-cable, and a vessel
   under way which is unable to get out of the way
   of an approaching vessel through being not under
   command, or unable to manoeuvre as required by
   these Rules, shall, instead of the signals prescribed
   in subdivisions (a) and (c) of this Article, at intervals of not more than two minutes, sound three
   blasts in succession, viz. : one prolonged blast
   followed by two short blasts. A vessel towed
   may give this signal, and she shall not give any
   other.
   Sailing-vessels and boats of less than 20 tons gross tonnage shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned
   signals, but if they do not, they shall make some other
   efficient sound-signal at intervals of not more than
   1 minute.†

• In all cases where the Rules require a bell to be used a drum
  may be substituted on board Turkish vessels, or a gong where such
  articles are used on board small sea-going vessels.
  † Dutch steam pilot-vessels, when engaged on their station on
  pilotage duty in fog, mist, falling snow, or heavy rain-storms, are
  required to make at intervals of 2 minutes at most one long blast
  with the siren, followed after 1 second by a long blast with the
  steam whistle, and again after 1 second by a long blast on the siren.
  When not engaged on their station on pilotage duty, they make the
  same signals as other steamships.

Speed of Ships to be Moderate in Fog, &c.

Article 16. Every vessel shall, in a fog, mist, falling
snow, or heavy rain-storms, go at a moderate speed, having
careful regard to the existing circumstances and conditions.
A steam-vessel hearing, apparently forward of her beam,
the fog-signal of a vessel the position of which is not
ascertained, shall, so far as the circumstances of the case
admit, stop her engines, and then navigate with caution
until danger of collision is over.

Steering and Sailing Rules.

Preliminary.—Risk of Collision.

Risk of collision can, when circumstances permit, be
ascertained by carefully watching the compass-bearing of
an approaching vessel. If the bearing does not appreciably change, such risk should be deemed to exist.
Article 17. When two sailing-vessels are approaching
one another so as to involve risk of collision, one of them
shall keep out of the way of the other, as follows, viz. :—
(a.) A vessel which is running free shall keep out of the
way of a vessel which is close-hauled.
(b.) A vessel which is close-hauled on the port tack
shall keep out of the way of a vessel which is
close-hauled on the starboard tack.
(c.) When both are running free, with the wind on
different sides, the vessel which has the wind on
the port side shall keep out of the way of the
other.
(d.) When both are running free, with the wind on the
same side, the vessel which is to windward shall
keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward.
(e.) A vessel which has the wind aft shall keep out of
the way of the other vessel.
Article 18. When two steam-vessels are meeting end on,
or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of collision, each
shall alter her course to starboard, so that each may pass
on the port side of the other.
This Article only applies to cases where vessels are
meeting end on, or nearly end on, in such a manner
as to involve risk of collision, and does not apply
to two vessels which must, if both keep on their
respective courses, pass clear of each other.
The only cases to which it does apply are when each
of the two vessels is end on, or nearly end on, to
the other ; in other words, to cases in which, by
day, each vessel sees the masts of the other in a
line, or nearly in a line, with her own ; and, by
night, to cases in which each vessel is in such a
position as to see both the side-lights of the other.
It does not apply, by day, to cases in which a vessel
sees another ahead crossing her own course ; or by
night, to cases where the red light of one vessel is
opposed to the red light of the other, or where the
green light of one vessel is opposed to the green
light of the other, or where a red light without a
green light, or a green light without a red light, is
seen ahead, or where both green and red lights are
seen anywhere but ahead.
Article 19. When two steam-vessels are crossing so as
to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other
on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of
the other.
Article 20. When a steam-vessel and a sailing-vessel are
proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision, the steam-vessel shall keep out of the way of the
sailing-vessel.
Article 21. Where by any of these Rules one of two
vessels is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep
her course and speed.
Note.—When, in consequence of thick weather or other
causes, such vessel finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the action of the giving-way vessel
alone, she also shall take such action as will best aid to
avert collision. (See Articles 27 and 29.)
Article 22. Every vessel which is directed by these Rules
to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the
other.
Article 23. Every steam-vessel which is directed by
these Rules to keep out of the way of another vessel
shall, on approaching her, if necessary, slacken her speed,
or stop, or reverse.
Article 24. Notwithstanding anything contained in these
Rules, every vessel overtaking any other shall keep out
of the way of the overtaken vessel.