Sept. 1.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 3309

shall put in the junction and lay all stoneware pipes for the ventilation-shaft referred to in section 36 of this part of this by-law, and the plumber shall make the connection.

DEPOSIT OF PLANS.

15. There shall be deposited with the Sanitary Inspector, in the case of new buildings, a block-plan showing, to a scale of not less than 8 ft. to the inch, the positions of all closets, urinals, sinks, lavatories, downpipes, traps, and other appliances connected therewith, and the position, levels, and grade of all drains. Such plan shall be in ink, on drawing-paper or tracing-cloth.

Where no building is to be erected, added to, altered, or repaired, there shall, prior to the commencement of any drainage or other work affected by this present by-law, be deposited with the Sanitary Inspector such a block-plan as aforesaid showing the work to be executed, and no person shall commence any such work prior to such deposit being made.

BUILDINGS TO BE PROVIDED WITH SUITABLE DRAIN.

16. All buildings shall be provided with suitable and sufficient drains to carry away the whole of the sewerage and household waste-water to the sewers. No disinfectants or acids will be permitted to be discharged into sewers. Buildings occupied or intended to be used for other than household purposes shall be provided with suitable and sufficient drains to carry away all refuse and drainage water to such sewers or street-channels as may in each case be approved by the Sanitary Inspector.

SEPARATE AND COMBINED DRAINAGE.

17. The drainage from each premises is to be arranged for separately, unless in cases of properties belonging to the same owner, or where special reasons exist in the Sanitary Inspector’s opinion for combined drainage.

STORM-WATER DRAINS.

18. Where provision is not made for the retention of storm-water from the roof of buildings in tanks or other fresh-water receptacles, suitable and sufficient drains to carry all storm-water to the street-channels or other position as may in each case be determined by the Sanitary Inspector must in all cases be provided.

SANITARY FITTINGS TO BE ERECTED AT SUITABLE LEVELS.

19. No water-closet, urinal, bath, sink, lavatory, washhouse, or other appliance for domestic trade or manufacturing purposes necessitating drainage therefrom shall be constructed or erected in any cellar or basement except at such level as will enable the waste refuse or overflow from such appliances to be carried off to such sewer or channel as may be approved by the Sanitary Inspector.

PERMIT TO ERECT SEPTIC TANK.

20. No person shall construct or provide a septic tank on private property without permission in writing under the hand of the Sanitary Inspector. The Sanitary Inspector may, at the time of giving such permission, impose any conditions for the purpose of providing that no nuisance shall be caused by the existence or working of the septic tank, such conditions to be stated in writing under his hand. No person shall act in contravention of any condition so imposed.

MATERIALS OF DRAINS AND CHANNELS.

21. All drains, including portions of air inlets or vents underground, shall be constructed of pipes made of glazed stoneware, or of cast iron, or of other equally suitable materials, which shall be of the quality and form specified in the schedule hereto. Channels and traps shall also be constructed of similar materials as required for drain-pipes.

SIZES OF DRAINS.

22. All drains shall be 4 in. internal diameter, except in cases where in the opinion of the Sanitary Inspector a larger size is necessary.

GRADIENT OF DRAINS.

23. The flattest gradients at which pipes may be laid are for 4 in. pipes, 1 in 60; for 6 in. pipes, 1 in 100, unless special permission shall be granted by the Sanitary Inspector in writing for a less steep gradient, and this shall only be given in cases where provision will be made for approved flushing arrangements. Where possible, a gradient of 1 in 40 for 4 in. pipes, and 1 in 60 for 6 in. pipes, must be given.

DIRECTION OF DRAINS.

24. As far as possible all drains shall be laid in straight lines, and where changes of direction occur they shall be made by curved pipes of a radius not less than five times the diameter of the pipe, or in chambers.

INSPECTION PIPES AND CHAMBERS.

25. Inspection-pipes of approved form, or inspection-chambers constructed as specified in the schedule hereto, shall be provided, at the option of the Sanitary Inspector, at such parts of the drain that will give control over all changes of direction, junctions, water-closet and soil-pipe connections, and at distances of not less than 50 ft. in length of drain in line.

PROHIBITION OF RIGHT-ANGLED JUNCTIONS.

26. No right-angled junctions shall be permitted in any drain. All junctions of pipe drains shall be effected with a curved Y-junction pipe of their respective diameters. Every branch drain shall join a main drain, and a main drain the sewer, obliquely in the direction of its flow.

VERTICAL CONNECTIONS.

27. For connecting vertical vent or soil pipes, or water-closets with a drain, bends of a radius specified in clause 24, and supported by a bedding of concrete shall be used, or foot bends.

NO INLETS TO DRAINS TO BE MADE INSIDE BUILDINGS.

28. No inlets to a drain shall be made within a building except such inlet as may be necessary for any water-closet. No drain shall have an opening, either trapped or otherwise, inside any dwelling except aforesaid. When it is impossible to fix a gully-trap outside any building owing to the whole area of the property being built over, the Sanitary Inspector may allow the gully to be placed inside the building in such position as he may deem best, and subject to such provisions for ventilation as he may consider necessary.

COVERS FOR DRAINS.

29. Subject to the provisions in the case of drains passing under buildings, every drain shall have at least 12 in. covering of earth. Where this is not obtainable, provision must be made for protecting the pipe by a covering of concrete or other suitable method, to the satisfaction of the Sanitary Inspector.

DRAINS UNDER BUILDING.

30. No drain shall be laid so as to pass under any building or portion thereof, except where any other mode of construction may be impracticable, and in which case the following provisions shall be observed, namely :—
    (1.) Such drain shall be laid in a direct line for the whole distance beneath the building;
    (2.) Such drain shall be laid in the ground at such a depth that there shall be in every part not less than 6 in. of cover;
    (3.) Such drain shall, if constructed of glazed-stoneware pipes, be imbedded in and surrounded with concrete at least 4 in. thick all round every portion of the pipe, every precaution being taken that the drain shall not be broken or rendered leaky by the settlement of walls or of the earth on which it is laid, but where such drains shall be constructed of iron no concrete covering shall be required; but if the drain be carried above ground, then sufficient supports, constructed of iron, or piers of stone, brick, or concrete, shall be provided at least at each joint :
    (4.) The opening in a wall through which a pipe passes shall be of an ample size, leaving a space of not less than 2 in. in the clear all round:
    (5.) Whenever practicable, adequate means of access to such drains shall be provided at each end of such portion thereof as is beneath such building by the construction of chambers or inspection-pipes as in the opinion of the Sanitary Inspector will provide adequate means of access.

CLEARING STOPPAGES.

31. Owners of premises are responsible for clearing stoppages in drains within or between their premises and the sewers or public drains with which the drains are connected.

ALL DRAINS TO BE LAID IN STRICT ACCORDANCE WITH SPECIFICATIONS.

32. All drains shall be laid in strict accordance with the specifications set out in the schedule hereto. The