Aug. 2.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 3097

tions respecting lights, fog-signals, and steering and
sailing?

Section 419 of “The Merchant Shipping Act, 1894,”
provides that owners and masters shall be bound to
obey the regulations, and it also provides that in cases
of wilful default by the master or owner he shall be
deemed to be guilty of a misdemeanour for each in-
fringement.

114. What do breaches of the regulations imply?

If an accident happens through non-observance of
the regulations, it implies wilful default on the part
of the person in charge of the deck at the time, unless
it is shown to the satisfaction of the Court hearing the
case that the special circumstances of the case rendered
a departure from the rules necessary.

115. If collision ensues from a breach of the regula-
     tions, who is to be deemed in fault for the collision?

The person by whom the regulations are infringed,
unless the Court hearing the case decides to the contrary.

116. Is there any special rule for steam-vessels navi-
     gating narrow channels?

In narrow channels every steam-vessel must, when
it is safe and practicable, keep to that side of the fair-
way or midchannel which is on the starboard side of
such vessel.

117. Do the regulations for preventing collisions at
     sea apply to sea-going vessels in harbours and in rivers?

Yes; unless there is any rule to the contrary made by
a competent authority.

118. Do they apply to British vessels only?

No; to foreign vessels as well, with the exception
provided for in the Order in Council of the 7th July,
1897, which applies only to British vessels.

119. Do you know where the present regulations are
     to be found?

Yes; in the Orders in Council of the 27th November,
1896, 7th July, 1897, and 4th April, 1906.

120. Is one vessel bound to assist another in case of
     collision?

Yes.

121. What is the penalty for default?

If the master or person in charge of the vessel fails
to render assistance without reasonable excuse, the col-
lision is, in absence of proof to the contrary, to be
deemed to be caused by his wrongful act, neglect, or
default.

122. Is there any other penalty attached to not ren-
     dering assistance?

Yes; if it is afterwards proved that he did not render
assistance, his certificate may be cancelled or suspended
by the Court investigating the case.

123. Is it not expected that you should understand
     the regulations before you take charge of the deck of a
     vessel?

It is.

124. Why?

If I do not understand them and am guilty of default,
the consequences will be very serious to me.

125. What would be a serious offence?

To cause a collision by doing anything not in accord-
ance with the regulations.

———

AIDS TO MEMORY, in Four Verses, by the late Mr.
THOMAS GRAY, C.B.

1. Two Steamships meeting.

When both side-lights you see ahead,
Port your helm and show your RED.

2. Two Steamships passing.

GREEN to GREEN, or RED to RED—
Perfect safety—Go ahead!

3. Two Steamships crossing.

NOTE.—This is the position of the greatest
danger: there is nothing for it but good
look-out, caution, and judgment.

If to your starboard RED appear,
It is your duty to keep clear
To act as judgment says is proper—
To Port—or Starboard—Back—or Stop her.

But when upon your Port is seen
A Steamer’s Starboard Light of GREEN,
There’s not much for you to do,
For GREEN to Port keeps clear of you.

4. All Ships must keep a good look-out, and Steam-
   ships must stop and go astern if necessary.

Both in safety and in doubt
Always keep a good look-out;
In danger, with no room to turn,
Ease her, stop her, go astern.

———

APPENDIX F.

SIGNALS TO BE MADE BY SHIPS WANTING A PILOT.

In the Daytime.—The following signals, numbered
1 and 2, when used or displayed together or separately,
shall be deemed to be signals for a pilot in the daytime,
viz.:—

(1.) To be hoisted at the fore, the Union Jack, having
round it a white border one-fifth of the breadth
of the flag; or

(2.) The International Code pilotage signal indicated
by P.T.

(3.) The International Code flag S, with or without
the Code pennant over it.

(4.) The distant signal, consisting of a cone point
upwards, having above it two balls or shapes
resembling balls.

At Night.—The following signals, numbered 1 and 2,
when used or displayed together or separately, shall be
deemed to be signals for a pilot at night, viz.:—

(1.) The pyrotechnic light commonly known as a blue
light every fifteen minutes; or

(2.) A bright white light, flashed or shown at short
or frequent intervals just above the bulwarks
for about a minute at a time.

If a master of a vessel uses or displays, or causes or
permits any person under his authority to use or dis-
play, any of the pilot-signals for any other purpose than
that of summoning a pilot, or uses, or causes, or permits
any person under his authority to use any other signal
for a pilot, he shall for each offence be liable to a fine
not exceeding twenty pounds. (“Merchant Shipping
Act, 1894,” section 615 (3).)

———

APPENDIX G.

EXAMINATION IN CHART.

For all Grades where the Chart is used, including Home-
trade Ship Certificates, with the Exception mentioned
in Note below.*

[The candidate will be required to work out the following
questions on either a “true” or “magnetic” chart,†
whichever may be handed to him by the Examiner;
and also determine whether the chart is a “true” or
“magnetic” one, and whether it is for the Northern
or Southern, and Eastern or Western Hemisphere.]

1. Using deviation [card] [curve]† No. find

• In examination for master of fishing-boats, and cargo-vessels,
  and small sailing-vessels carrying passengers in restricted limits
  only, “magnetic” charts are used.

† The terms “true” and “magnetic” are used for the sake of
brevity and convenience, to indicate charts that have compasses
delineated upon them showing the “true” or “magnetic” points
of the compass respectively.

‡ A candidate for an ordinary master’s certificate is expected
to use either a card of deviations, or a curve of deviations on a Napier’s
diagram, whichever the Examiner may put before him.