3074
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 74

circle sailing; (3) composite great-circle sailing; and their advantages and disadvantages.
(e.) To show approximately on a terrestrial globe the great-circle track and the distance from one given position to another; also the latitude and longitude of vertex; and the longitude from vertex; and to explain how the track can then be transferred to a Mercator’s chart. Occasionally the candidate will be required to lay the track down on a chart.
(f.) To determine the initial great-circle course, and the distance, from one given position to another, the latitude and longitude of vertex, the longitude from vertex and the latitudes and longitudes through which the great circle will pass; laying the track, composite or otherwise, down on a Mercator’s chart, and explaining briefly how the course and distance from one point to another on this track is then found. This problem may, subject to the decision of the Examiner, be solved either by calculation, or by any tables, graphic method, or great-circle chart, known to and preferred by the candidate, and it will usually be set so as to leave the choice of method to the candidate.
(g.) To draw a figure, and write down the trigonometrical ratios.
(h.) Right-angled plane trigonometry; deducing and writing down the formula for each computation in the problem given.
(i.) Oblique-angled plane trigonometry; deducing and writing down the formula, or the rule, for each computation in the problem given.
(j.) To give Napier’s rules for circular parts for the solution of right-angled spherical triangles, explaining clearly how the different angles and sides are considered in deducing the formulæ.
(k.) Right-angled spherical trigonometry.
(l.) The laws of the deviation of the compass in iron ships. (See Appendix K.)
(m.) To construct a plan or chart on Mercator’s principle and solve a given problem thereon.
(n.) To write an essay on the “Law of Storms.” He need not confine himself solely to laws and indications laid down in the various text-books, but should supplement his text-book knowledge by personal experience.
(o.) To give written answers to from six to ten questions on naval architecture, and sketches where required.

He will be examined orally on the following subjects:—
(p.) The leading principles of the construction of the sextant and vernier; patent logs and leads.
(q.) The civil duties of a shipmaster, in which he will be expected to show a more extensive knowledge than a candidate for an ordinary master’s certificate.

He will be required,——
(r.) To show practical proficiency in both the Morse and movable-semaphore methods of signalling. (See Appendix D.)

The construction of the problems mentioned above, and those in the compass syllabus, must be shown as follows:—
(a.) A circle should be drawn projected on the plane of the horizon—unless the problem can be shown better otherwise—and a correct figure drawn in it, the magnitude of the sides and angles being estimated approximately by the eye.
(b.) The sides and angles used in solving the problem should be marked by distinguishing letters in the figure, and the candidate should over each fresh computation write down clearly what is given and what he is required to find, together with the formula which he proposes to use.
(c.) Opposite each quantity in the computation he should put the letters denoting the part of the triangle which it represents, writing “comp.” before the letters when the quantity is the complement of that part of the triangle.

Candidates will not be required to enter into the mathematical investigation of the rules and formulæ used in the solution of the problems involving oblique-angled spherical triangles, but credit will be given to any candidate showing such knowledge. When, however, a problem or part of a problem is solved by right-angled spherical trigonometry, the simple process of deducing the formula from the figure by Napier’s rules for circular parts or other method must be shown.

Where a problem is solved by right-angled plane trigonometry, the simple process of deducing the formula from the figure for each of the computations in it must be shown.

The rule for finding the latitude by meridian altitude must be proved by the figure.

Protractors must not be used in the chart-construction problem, either for setting off variation or laying off positions. All sketches and drawings required in the paper on naval architecture should be neatly done on cartridge-paper supplied by the Examiner.

82. Examination in Seamanship.—In addition to the qualifications required of an ordinary master, an extra master will be expected to give satisfactory answers to any questions in practical seamanship that the Examiner may put to him.

83. Extra certificates for steamships will also be issued, subject to the examination described below, to officers who can show the necessary service in steamships. The certificates will be marked “For steamships only,” and will only entitle the holders to go to sea as masters of steamships.

The examination is open to all who are qualified to go up for a certificate as master of a foreign-going steamship, or who have already obtained this certificate. It is open also to candidates who have failed in the examination for an extra master’s certificate to show the requisite knowledge of the management of square-rigged sailing-vessels, provided they can prove the necessary amount of officer’s service in steamships. (See par. 24.)

84. Examination in Navigation.—The examination in navigation for an extra master’s certificate for steamships will be precisely the same as that prescribed for an extra master’s certificate.

85. Examination in Seamanship.—In addition to the qualifications required of a master of a foreign-going steamship, the extra master will be expected to give satisfactory answers to any questions appertaining to the management of a steamship that the Examiner may put to him.

Provisional Certificates.

86. Provisional certificates for foreign-going ships or for foreign-going steamships, according to the candidate’s qualifications, are granted on the conditions stated below to any officer of the mercantile marine who may require such a certificate to qualify him for appointment to or promotion in the Royal Naval Reserve. These certificates are only issued for Royal Naval Reserve purposes, and do not authorise the holders to go to sea as first mate or master.

87. Candidates for these certificates must apply at a Mercantile Marine Office, fill up the form of application (Exn. 2), and pay the usual fee. They must produce their first or second mate’s certificates of competency, and an authority from the Marine Department before they can be examined.