1890
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 53

265. Describe the construction of a feed-water heater, and give the name of its manufacturer.

266. Describe any well-known ash-ejector.

267. Describe any well-known independent feed-pumps.

268. Are independent feed-pumps automatic in their action? Explain the action.

269. What advantage, if any, have independent feed-pumps over feed-pumps worked by the main engines?

270. To about what temperature is the feed-water raised by passing through a feed-heater?

271. What fittings are usually placed on a feed-heater? Why are they necessary?

272. Describe the construction of a feed-filter, enumerating its valves and cocks.

273. How can the filter be cleaned? and what ingredients are generally removed when cleaning takes place?

274. What is the intercepting material made of? How is it fitted?

275. Describe an evaporator, and mention the type.

276. What fittings are necessary with evaporators?

277. How is the brine got rid of?

278. How may the coils be cleaned?

279. What is a dynamo? Describe its various parts. For what is it used?

280. In what respects does an electric motor differ from a dynamo? Where are electric motors sometimes used on board ship?

281. Describe a system of electric lighting employed on board ship.

282. How is the position of a fault in the circuit discovered?

283. What is “sparking,” and may it under some circumstances (naming them) be a danger?

284. What is “short-circuiting,” and to what evil may it give rise?

285. What means are employed to prevent any part of the circuit becoming overheated?

286. Describe the features of an arc lamp.

287. Describe the construction of a glow-lamp.

288. What is the usual candle-power of the small glow-lamps in general use on board ship?

289. Define the following terms: Ampere, volt, ohm, watt. What is the measure of an electrical horse-power?

290. Explain the uses of switches, brushes, commutators, cut-outs, field-magnets, armatures, and resistance-coils.

291. Why is it desirable to fit a dynamo in a cool place on board ship?

292. What undesirable effect will ultimately occur to an electric wire whose sectional area is constantly diminishing, say, through corrosion?

293. What danger might arise from leading electric wires through coal-bunkers?

294. Is it better to lead electric wires above or below side scuttles? Why?

295. What instruments are used on board ship to ascertain the strength of an electric current?

296. Many ocean-going steamers are fitted with hydraulic cranes, &c.: From where do they obtain their power? How is the hydraulic pressure kept at a relatively constant amount?

297. Is any difficulty experienced in working hydraulic cranes in frosty weather; if so, why?

298. Describe any steam steering-gear you are acquainted with.

299. When the helm is put hard over and the ship is going full speed ahead, what prevents the rudder returning to the amidship position?

300. In the case of a steamship under way does the officer or man manipulating the steam steering-wheel overcome any resistance exerted by the rudder?

301. Explain clearly what is being done by a helmsman manipulating the wheel of a steam steering-engine.

302. Is there any difference between the amount of horse-power required to put a helm hard over, in a given time, when the vessel is going full speed ahead and when she is going full speed astern? [This question refers to the case of a steamer fitted with one rudder only, and demands a more complete answer than merely “Yes” or “No.”]

303. What precautions should be taken before removing a manhole-door of a steam boiler? In the absence of such precautions what casualties might occur?

304. Describe the chief features of the engine-governor fitted to a steamer you have served in. Describe its action. Give the maker’s name, and name of ship.

NOTE.—The following six questions refer to oil-motors fitted to launches which carry passengers:—
305. Name the principal parts of an oil-motor, and briefly state their functions. Give the name of the makers of the motor.
306. What kind of oil is usually employed in oil-motors? What is its flash-point? What is its specific gravity? What is its calorific power? What precautions are taken in its storage to guard the public against casualty by fire or explosion?
307. How many cylinders are generally used in oil-motors? What kind of pistons are fitted? How frequently (measured in revolutions) is explosion per cylinder effected? How is explosion in the cylinder carried out?
308. Describe how an oil-motor is started. If starting prove difficult, where would you chiefly look for defects? How is piston speed modified? How is the speed of vessel varied? How is reversing effected?
309. Before examining an oil-motor with a naked light, what steps should be taken for safety’s sake?
310. How frequently should an oil-motor, working 12 hours a day, be opened up for examination, cleaned, and its parts readjusted? What difficulty arises when the internal parts become foul with carbonised oil?

NOTE.—Questions isolated from their context should be read in the light of the context. Thus, the “sparking” referred to in question 283 relates to the sparking in an electric-lighting circuit on board ship (see question 281).

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APPENDIX C.
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EXAMINATION IN ROUGH WORKING-DRAWING FOR A FIRST-CLASS ENGINEER’S CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENCY.

Form Exn. 17.

1. THE regulations of the Marine Department in regard to the qualifications of a candidate for a first-class engineer’s certificate of competency specify that—

“He must be able to make rough working-drawings of the different parts of the engines and boilers:

“He must be able to state the general proportions borne by the principal parts of the machinery to each other.”