1106
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE
[No. 31

(d.) In cases where, owing to intervening objects, Signals cannot readily be seen, a higher or lower Arm, as the case may be, is erected to work in conjunction with the Signal, as shown in marginal diagram.

74. Semaphore Signals apply only to Trains travelling in the proper direction on the Running Lines, and must not be used for any other purpose, except as provided in clause (i), Rule No. 279. Trains moving in the wrong direction on any Running Line must be signalled by Hand-lamp or Flag. Trains Shunting from one Running Line to another, or Shunting into or out of Sidings connected with Running Lines, must, unless Fixed Signals are provided for the purpose of signalling such operations, be signalled either verbally or by Flag or Hand-lamp, as occasion may require, it being necessary in such cases that the Fixed Signals should be kept at Danger for the protection of the Trains so employed.

75. When a Semaphore Signal is so placed as to be out of sight of the Signal-man who works it a Repeater will be provided.

76. Semaphore Signals not in use are distinguished by two pieces of wood fastened to the Arm in the form of a cross, thus:—

DISC SIGNALS.

77. (a.) Where Disc Signals are used to regulate the passage of Trains between Sidings and Running Lines, or Shunting operations in Sidings, the Danger Signal is shown in the Daytime by a Red Disc or Target, and at Night by a Red Light.
    (b.) The All Right Signal is shown in the Daytime by a Green Disc or Target, and at Night by a Green Light.
    (c.) Disc Signals not in use will not be fitted with Discs or Lamps.

DISTANT SIGNALS.

78. The arms of Distant Signals are notched or swallow-tailed, thus:—

79. A Distant Signal is always related to a Home Signal. It is placed at some distance from its Home Signal to indicate to approaching Trains the state of the latter. The All Right Signal must never be given at the Distant Signal post unless the Home Signal to which it relates is also at All Right.

80. When an Engine-driver finds the Distant Signal at Danger he must immediately reduce the speed of his Train so as to be able in case of need to stop at such Signal; but if he sees the way in front of him is clear he must proceed slowly and cautiously within the Distant Signal, having such control of his Train as to be able to stop it short of any Obstruction that may exist between the Distant Signal and the Home Signal, and must bring his Train to a stand before reaching the Home Signal, where he must stop until either the Home Signal is lowered or other Signal given, according to Rule No. 126.

81. Where it is found necessary to place the Distant Signal Arm from a Box in advance, on the Home or Starting Signal post applicable to the same line, of the Box in the rear, the Distant Signal will be the lower and the Home or Starting Signal the upper Arm of that post.

HOME SIGNALS.

82. Home Signals are placed at Junctions, Stations, Sidings, and Signal-boxes.
83. No train may pass a Home Signal at Danger, or foul the Crossings or Points to which it applies, except—
    (a.) When Staff not on duty. (See Rule No. 66.)
    (b.) On instructions from the Signal-man (see Rules Nos. 69 and 126) or on instructions from the Signal-adjuster (see Rule No. 145).
    (c.) When Signal is defective. (See Rule No. 147.)
    (d.) When Shunting, as prescribed in Rules Nos. 158 and 159.
    (e.) When a Calling-on Arm is in use. (See Rule No. 84.)
    (f.) When working under instructions of Pilot Guard. (See Rule No. 279.)

CALLING-ON SIGNALS.

84. (a.) Where short Arms are fixed upon the Home Signal posts as Calling-on Signals, they are placed below the Home Signal, thus:—

(b.) When a Calling-on Arm is lowered, the Engine-driver must draw forward past the post of the Signal on which the Calling-on Arm is fixed as far as the Line is clear. If after lowering the Calling-on Arm the Signalman wishes to communicate with the Engine-driver and the Signal-box is ahead of the Calling-on Arm, he must