1062
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 29

the effects on soils of weathering, of vegetable and
animal life, and of tillage; the oxidation of organic
matter in soils; the active or available and the dor-
mant or reserve soil-constituents; the conditions neces-
sary for the formation of the active from the dormant
constituents, or promoting this formation.

Manures: Definition of manures; the principles
governing their use; the properties and composition of
the chief general, artificial, and manufactured manures;
fermentation.

Plants: The organic and inorganic constituents; the pro-
portions of water and solid matter. The ash of plants;
the essential, non-essential, and useful ash-constituents;
differences in composition between the ash of grain
and that of straw or leaf. General composition of farm
crops; chemical elements in the plant obtained from
the air and from the soil; chemical actions in different
parts of the plant; effects of light and heat; chemical
changes during germination.

Animals: Chief organic and inorganic constituents of
animal bodies; ash-constituents of blood, muscle, and
bone; composition of fats; the general composition and
values of ordinary farm foods and their uses in the animal
body. The constituents of milk, cream, butter, and
cheese.

(24.) Agricultural Zoology.—The chief characteristics, geo-
graphical distribution, and general conditions of ex-
istence in respect of those orders of the animal king-
dom to which the animals (including those injurious to
agriculture) that are of economic importance to agricul-
turists, belong. A knowledge of the external features,
general structure, and mode of life of such animals.
The means of destroying animals injurious to agriculture,
or of holding them in check.

(25.) Agricultural Botany.—The elementary morphology, an-
atomy, and physiology of plants; the functions of the
members of the plant; pollination and fertilisation;
formation of seed; adaptations for protection and
dispersal of seed; germination and growth; storage
of food; general conditions of plant-life; contention
with physical environment; competition with fellows;
variation. Description of gymnosperms used for timber
in New Zealand, and of cryptogams that are parasitic
upon higher plants and upon animals of economic value,
with methods of prevention and cure. Classification
of phanerogams, with special reference to those orders
to which the more important trees, grasses, plants,
weeds, &c., with which the agriculturist is concerned,
belong. The recognition, description, reference to
their orders, and uses of such trees, &c. The pre-
vention and destruction of weeds, with a special know-
ledge of impurities and adulterants, and the determina-
tion of the germinating power of seeds.

(26.) General History.—Candidates will be required to show a
knowledge of the course and of the principal events of
European history from the year 1680 to 1880, with some
acquaintance with earlier circumstances that affected
the character and course of after-history; also some
knowledge of the history of British colonisation, and
of the United States of America.

(27.) English Constitutional History.—Constitutional history of
England. The paper will be similar to the paper set for
the B.A. examination of the New Zealand University,
but it will be somewhat easier.

(28.) Economics.—The general economics of the production,
consumption, distribution, and exchange of wealth;
problems of industrial organization; proposed remedies
for low wages; co-operation; trade-unions; strikes;
effects of industrial improvements; trade monopolies
and combinations; overproduction; immigration;