288
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 7

any number of equal parts. They should also be required to make draw-
ings to scale of objects from actual measurements or from dimensioned
blackboard sketches; the objects selected must be of a simple character,
and must not require for their representation a knowledge of geometrical
operations other than those prescribed for this standard.

Pupils should also be required to apply these geometrical operations to
the construction of simple borders and patterns, which should be inventive
as well as imitative.

In the Fifth Standard, pupils should be familiar with the following
geometrical operations: the construction of triangles and of quadrilaterals
from given data (not more than two cases for any one figure); the
general method, and in each case one special method, of constructing a
regular pentagon, a regular hexagon, and a regular octagon (1) on a given
straight line, (2) within a given circle; the method of enlarging and
reducing given figures by means of proportional scales; how to find the
centre of a given circle; how to draw a circle to touch a given circle;
how to draw a tangent to a given circle (1) from a given point on its
circumference, (2) from a given point without it. Pupils must be able
to make freehand dimensioned sketches either from actual objects or
representations thereof, and then draw the object to scale. They should
also have a general knowledge of, and be able to draw plans and eleva-
tions of the following geometrical solids, simply placed with regard to
the vertical and the horizontal planes: the cube, the square prism, the
sphere, the cylinder, the square pyramid, and the cone.

In the Sixth Standard, pupils shall be required to draw (occasionally to
scale) plans and elevations in three planes of projection of the geometrical
solids that are prescribed for the Fifth Standard, and of simple objects
based thereon. They should also be required to draw vertical and
horizontal sections and oblique (isometric) projections of those of the
solids that are bounded by plane surfaces only.

The solid or object treated of should be placed in the simplest posi-
tions with regard to the vertical and horizontal planes.

It will be beneficial to pupils if the instruction in geometrical notions
and geometrical drawing is combined with instruction in paper-work,
carton-work, and cardboard modelling. Cardboard models of geometrical
solids made by the pupils may be utilised for instruction in model drawing.

[In the arrangement of a course of drawing for any of the standards,
“Elementary Art Teaching,” by E. R. Taylor, published by Chapman
and Hall, may be consulted with benefit.]

PHYSICAL DRILL.

47. Exercises selected from those given below, or any set of similar
    suitable exercises.

PRELIMINARY.

The following commands need not be explained here: “Fall in”;
“Attention”; “Right dress”; “Eyes front”; “Stand at ease”; “Right
turn”; “Left turn”; “Right incline”; “Left incline”; “About turn”;
“Slow march” (75 paces to the minute, 25 in. to 30 in.); “Quick
march” (120 paces to the minute, 25 in. to 30 in.); “Double
march,” or “Double” (180 paces to the minute, 28 in. to 32 in.); “Mark
time”; “Forward”; “Halt”; “Right close”; “Left close” (one-two,
one-two, &c., paces of 12 in.); “Dismiss.”

Saluting to the front, and to the left or right, should also be taught.

“Fall in” (in single rank). “Number.” “Open ranks.” “Even
numbers one pace to the rear—March.” “Right close—Quick march”
(covering front-rank numbers. If there be plenty of room it will be better
for the ranks not to close up). “Front rank—Number.” “Rear rank—
Number.” “Front rank, three paces to front—March.” “Right turn—
Odd numbers of both ranks one pace to the left; even numbers one pace
to the right—March.” “Half-left turn.” “Close ranks” (all turn to the
front; odd numbers of front rank stand fast; others step up to original
formation).

Or, if clubs are used, the classes may be arranged for physical exer-
cises according to the following plan, which is based on the method in the
“Infantry Training.” Form up in two ranks, girls in the rear rank.
“Number” (rear rank take number of file covered). “To full interval
from left—Right close—Quick march” (No. 1 on left in both ranks
stands fast; others move with side step, one-two, one-two, &c., to
the right, extending left arm till it rests palm upwards on right shoulder
of next file; rear rank moving so as to cover front files, but with hands to
side). “Eyes front” (hands to side). “For physical drill—Prepare”
(rear rank step back two paces). “March” (odd numbers in front
rank, four paces to front; even numbers in rear rank, four paces to rear).