Oct. 2.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 2209

containing charcoal, a perforated cover to the charcoal-chamber, and an overflow-pipe, substantially as set forth. (2.) In a rain-water strainer and filter, in combination, a tank having a vertical perforated partition, a second partition perforated at its lower part, a chamber containing charcoal, a perforated cover to the charcoal-chamber, an overflow-pipe, and a chamber having a sloping bottom and a screw cap, the said chamber being placed below the tank, which has an opening communicating with the said chamber, substantially as set forth. (3.) In a rain-water strainer and filter, in combination, a tank having a vertical perforated partition held in guides, a second partition perforated at its lower part, a chamber containing charcoal, a perforated cover to the charcoal-chamber held in guides kept in position by a clip, and an overflow-pipe, substantially as set forth. (4.) The combination and arrangement of parts comprising the apparatus for straining and filtering water, substantially as and for the purposes described and illustrated.
(Specification, 2s.; drawings, 1s.)

No. 15343.—30th August, 1902.—FRANCIS WILLIAM PAYNE, of Dunedin, New Zealand, Consulting Engineer. Improved tailings-elevator.

Claims.—(1.) In a tailings-elevator, the combination of a hollow drum furnished with flanges and beaters, having tailings delivered within said drum, said tailings falling through slots in said drum before advancing beaters are thrown forward, all substantially as described, and as shown on the drawing. (2.) In a tailings-elevator, a hollow drum A furnished with a number of slots A¹ and a corresponding number of beaters such as B, B¹, or B³, all substantially as described, and for the purposes as set forth, and as shown on the drawing.
(Specification, 1s. 6d.; drawings, 1s.)

No. 15374.—6th September, 1902.—EDWARD WATERS, Jun., a member of the firm of Edward Waters and Son, Patent Agents, of 414-418, Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria (nominee of Reginald Aubrey Fessenden, of Manteo, North Carolina, United States of America, Electrical Engineer). Improvements in and relating to means for the transmission of power and signals by electro-magnetic waves.

Extract from Specification.—My invention relates to the transmission of power and signals by electro-magnetic waves of a kind which have been investigated by me, and is particularly concerned with means for the efficient sending and receiving of such waves and for the exact maintenance of tuning. These waves differ from those described by Hertz in that they are not complete waves, but only half-waves, and in that they travel over the surface of a conductor, and hence, unlike Hertz waves, can be deflected from a straight line. They have the property in common with Hertz waves in that the energy received by a given area varies inversely as a given distance. They differ from the waves investigated by Lodge in that they are not current waves, but semi-free ether waves. Thus in the Lodge waves the electric energy is maximum when the magnetic energy is minimum, and all energy not absorbed by resistance losses is recoverable; whilst with the form investigated by me electric energy is a maximum at the same time as the magnetic, and none of the energy radiated is recoverable, except by reflection. I have found that it is essential for the proper sending and receipt of these waves that the surface over which they are to travel should be conducting, and highly conducting in the neighbourhood of the point where the waves are generated or received. I have found that this highly conducting portion of the surface should preferably extend to at least a distance from the origin equal to a quarter-wave length of the wave in air, and in the direction toward the station or stations to which it is desired to send the waves. Where the sending station is in a city or similar place where the waves may be cut off by high buildings or high trees this highly conducting path should be extended still further until it passes beyond the limits of the obstacle, and there the highly conducting portion, which may be in the form of strips of metal or other conductor, or of a number of wires, is connected to the ground. This arrangement may be called a wave-chute. And, further, it is generally believed that conductors of a considerable length are necessary for the efficient production of electro-magnetic waves. By the term “electro-magnetic waves” as used herein is meant waves of a wave-length long in comparison with the wave-length of what are commonly called heat-waves or radiant heat. By “grounded conductor” is meant a conductor grounded either directly or through a capacity, an inductance, or a resistance so that the current in the conductor flows from the conductor to the ground, and vice versa, when electro-magnetic waves are generated. The terms “tuned” and “resonant” are used herein as one including

the other. Such impression is, however, erroneous, as I have discovered that by generating the waves in a medium whose permeability to electro-magnetic waves or specific inductive capacity, or both, is greater than that of air, short conductors may be used for the purpose of propagating and receiving electro-magnetic waves. Where one of the constants only is increased the same general effects are produced, as, for example, where the conductor is immersed in water so pure as to be non-conducting in alcohol or other substances having large specific inductive capacity the periodicity is decreased compared with that of the same conductor in air, and radiation is increased thereby, giving the effect of a long conductor.
[NOTE.—The number and length of the claims in this case preclude them from being printed, and the foregoing extract from the specification is inserted instead.]
(Specification, 19s. 6d.; drawings, 2s.)

No. 15375.—6th September, 1902.—EDWARD WATERS, Jun., a member of the firm of Edward Waters and Son, Patent Agents, of 414-418 Collins Street, Melbourne, Victoria (nominee of Reginald Aubrey Fessenden, of Manteo, North Carolina, United States of America, Electrical Engineer). Improvements in the art of signalling by electro-magnetic waves.

Claims.—(1.) As an improvement in the art of signalling by electro-magnetic waves, the method described, which consists in the practically continuous transmission and reception of electro-magnetic waves or impulses, and modifying or changing the character of such waves or impulses without interruption of their continuity, substantially as set forth. (2.) As an improvement in the art of signalling by electro-magnetic waves, the method described, which consists in the practically continuous transmission and reception of electro-magnetic waves or impulses, and continuously modifying or changing the character of such waves or impulses without interruption of their continuity, substantially as set forth. (3.) As an improvement in the art of signalling by electro-magnetic waves, the method described, which consists in the transmission and reception of electro-magnetic waves or impulses, and modifying or varying the character of a portion of such waves or impulses without interruption of their continuity, substantially as set forth. (4.) As an improvement in the art of signalling by electro-magnetic waves, the method described, which consists in the transmission and reception of electro-magnetic waves or impulses of uniform character, and continuously modifying or varying the character of a portion of such waves or impulses without interruption of their continuity, substantially as set forth. (5.) As an improvement in the art of transmitting sounds by electro-magnetic waves, the method described, which consists in the generation of electro-magnetic waves or impulses, and modifying or varying the character of such waves or impulses by sound waves or impulses without interruption of their continuity, substantially as set forth. (6.) As an improvement in the art of signalling by electro-magnetic waves, the method described, which consists in the practically continuous transmission and reception of electro-magnetic waves or impulses, normally of a predetermined character, and modifying or changing the character of such waves or impulses without interrupting their continuity by changing the electrical constants of the sending conductor so as to change the degree of resonance between the generator and sending conductor, substantially as set forth. (7.) As an improvement in the art of signalling by electro-magnetic waves, the method described, which consists in the practically continuous generation of waves or impulses, and modifying or changing the intensity of said waves without interrupting their continuity, thereby rendering them capable of affecting a receiving conductor, tuned to correspond with sending conductor, during only a portion of the time. (8.) As an improvement in the art of signalling by electro-magnetic waves, the method described, which consists in the practically continuous generation of waves or impulses, and modifying or changing the intensity of such waves or impulses without interrupting their continuity by changing the resistance in the sending conductor. (9.) As an improvement in the art of signalling by electro-magnetic waves, the method described, which consists in the practically continuous generation of waves or impulses, and modifying or changing the intensity of said waves without interrupting their continuity, thereby rendering them capable of affecting a receiving conductor, tuned to correspond with the sending conductor, to different degrees at different times. (10.) As an improvement in the art of signalling by electro-magnetic waves, the method described, which consists in the practically continuous transmission and reception of electro-magnetic waves, normally of a predetermined character, and modifying or changing the character of such waves or impulses without interruption of their continuity, substantially as set forth. (11.) As an improvement in the art of signalling by electro-magnetic waves,