APRIL 3.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 813

is extended to a second thousand it is only necessary to employ upon each subdivision of each section an additional “interconnector” which is merely a duplicate of the interconnector which would be employed with the exchange when organized to accommodate a hundred subscribers, or any greater number up to 999. With this proviso, the apparatus for accommodating ten thousand substations would require little more than ten times the amount of apparatus and connections used for an exchange of a thousand, whereas with most systems heretofore employed the number of line contacts and the complication of apparatus increases as the square of the number of substations served. The thousands register before mentioned serves to select that one of the interconnectors in the same division with it which corresponds to the digit in the thousands place of the number for the substation called. For the purpose of reducing the distance or extent of movement of the parts which would be necessary to form a connection to one out of a hundred circuits, the connectors may consist of two switches whose movements are co-ordinated, one termed “cylinder switch” and the other “register.” Upon one of said switches, the cylinder switch, the fixed contacts are divided into groups, and the brushes which ride over the respective groups are connected to contacts or points of a second switch which is termed the “register,” and which may have its brushes adjusted to find the brush which rides upon the points of the particular group in the first-named switch where the circuit desired is represented. Instead of the above, two movements on intersecting lines might be given to a device carrying a brush or brushes, and by the coordination of these movements the particular group and contact-point desired in said group may be found. It is preferable, however, to use two independent switch-arms, one of which is adjusted to find the group of points in which the line desired is located, while the other is adjusted over the points of said group to select or find the particular point wanted. Each primary connector, secondary connector, and interconnector, according to this preferred plan, embraces therefore a switch having contacts or points for all of the lines or circuits with which connection is desired, and a second switch having a limited number of contacts connected respectively with brushes riding over the groups or subdivisions into which the contacts of the first-named switch are supposedly divided. The register portion of the device may be operated by means of a stepping or escape magnet. For the cylinder portion it is preferable to use a power constantly acting, which is coupled to and uncoupled from the shaft carrying the brushes by means of a suitable clutch magnetically controlled. The switches may, however, be adjusted and brought to rest in the desired position by any magnetic or electro-magnetic actuating or controlling device, as will be well understood by electricians. Interference between the lines of a section in the attempt to seize upon an idle division of apparatus in the same section is prevented by the action of the device termed “decimal indicator,” which device embodies a circuit-changing arm closing circuit to the various lines successively, or one at a time. When a substation sends a call, the circuit-changing arm halts temporarily on the contact of the line calling, and does not resume its operation or movement until after said line has seized one of the idle divisions, after which the circuit-changer moves and permits any other line to seize upon some other idle division. The line calling is protected from seizure by any other line through the establishment of a guarding electrical potential the instant that it brings the circuit-changer to rest. This guarding potential governs the action of an electro-magnet which cuts off the flow of the controlling or releasing current by which the parts are set to position for effecting connection between a calling and a called line, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth. When calls come at the same instant from a number of lines upon different sections interference is prevented by spacing out the calls by means of a device termed “consecution controller,” which acts as hereinafter described to render the apparatus of one section operative, and then the apparatus of another, and so on, in succession. This device supplements the spacing-out of the signals coming from two or more lines of the same section which is produced by means of the decimal indicator, which brings said lines into operative connection with the exchange in succession, and the two together absolutely prevent interference between substations that may endeavour at the same time to effect connection with the same substation.

[NOTE.—The number and length of the claims in this case preclude them from being printed, and the foregoing extract from the descriptive part of the specification is inserted instead.]

(Specification, £3; drawings, 13s.)

No. 14604.—11th March, 1902.—THOMAS BALLINGER, of Victoria Street, Wellington, New Zealand, Plumber. Improvements in skylights.

Claims.—(1.) In a skylight, wire clips pivoted to the vertical ribs of the bars or sides of a skylight, the said clips being bent upon themselves and provided with a kink to hold the glass at a distance from the vertical rib of the bar or sides of the skylight, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. (2.) In a skylight, in combination, angle strips along the edges of the glass, wire clips pivoted upon the vertical ribs of the bars or sides of a skylight, the said clips being bent upon themselves to bear upon both ridges of the angle strips, and kinks in the bottom bar of the clips to hold the angle strips close to the edge of the glass, and to secure the glass at a distance from the vertical rib of the bar or sides of the skylight, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. (3.) In a skylight, top and sides of the same comprising in one piece a gutter for carrying off water and for circulation of air, a vertical rib, a flashing extending outwardly from this rib, a turned-over rim to protect ventilation-holes in the sides of the gutter, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. (4.) In a skylight, in combination, an intermediate bar comprising a gutter on each side of a vertical rib, ventilation-holes near the top of the gutters, the rims of the gutters turned inwardly and downwardly to prevent water passing through the ventilation-holes, and wire clips pivoted to the vertical rib, the said clips being bent upon themselves and provided with a kink to hold the glass at a distance from the vertical rib of the bar or sides of the skylight, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. (5.) The skylight as described, comprising in combination sides and top formed with a gutter having a rim turned inwardly and downwardly, a vertical rib rising above the gutter, a flashing extending outwardly from the vertical rib, the said gutters, vertical rib, and flashing being in one piece of metal, the bottom of the skylight having a gutter, vertical member and flashing in one piece, and a gutter to catch condensed moisture, and holes for ventilation, intermediate bars formed with a gutter on each side of a vertical rib, ventilation-holes in the intermediate bars, angle strips along the edges of the glass, wire clips pivoted upon the vertical ribs of the sides and intermediate bars, the said clips being bent upon themselves to bear upon both ridges of the angle strips, and provided with a kink to hold the angle strips close to the glass, and to keep the glass at a distance from the vertical ribs, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. (6.) The combination and arrangement of parts comprising my improvements in skylights, substantially as set forth and illustrated.

(Specification, 5s.; drawings, 1s.)

No. 14606.—10th March, 1902.—MAURICE PERYER, of Christchurch, New Zealand, Porter. An improved composition for cleansing painted and varnished surfaces.

Description.—Composition consists of fine clay, whiting, sugar, common salt, borax, and pearl-ash in certain proportions.

Claim.—In cleansing painted and varnished surfaces, a composition consisting of the ingredients in the proportions approximately as specified, and applied substantially as set forth and described.

(Specification, 1s. 6d.)

No. 14611.—13th March, 1902.—JAMES THOMAS HUNTER, of Queen’s Chambers, Wellington, New Zealand, Engineer (nominee of Frank Conrad, of 700, Whitney Avenue, Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Electrical Engineer). Improvements in instruments for indicating the phase-relation or the difference in frequency of two alternating or polyphase current circuits.

Claims.—(1.) For indicating the phase-relation or the difference in frequency of two alternating or polyphase current circuits, an instrument comprising stationary coils arranged to produce a rotary magnetic field and energised from one of the circuits, a stationary coil connected to the other circuit, and a rotatable magnetizable armature, which is in inductive relation to all the coils, substantially as described. (2.) For indicating the phase-relationship or the difference in frequency of two electric circuits, an instrument constructed substantially as described with reference to the drawings.

(Specification, 5s.; drawings, 1s.)

No. 14614.—13th March, 1902.—MICHEL BERNARD LÉON EHRMANN, of Pinkenba, near Brisbane, Queensland, Consulting Chemist, and the QUEENSLAND MEAT EXPORT AND AGENCY COMPANY, LIMITED, of Pinkenba, near Brisbane aforesaid, and Ross River, Townsville, Queensland aforesaid, and elsewhere. Improvements in joints for tins or cans.

Claims.—(1.) A joint composed of substances prepared originally in a liquid form, and in that condition run into place in the grooves or between the folds of the metal, said