1578
THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE.
[No. 72

Animals.—Chief organic and inorganic constituents of animal bodies; ash constituents of blood, muscle, and bone; composition of fats; the general composition, uses in animal body, and values of ordinary farm foods. The constituents of milk, cream, butter, and cheese.

(21.) General Agriculture.—(a.) The parts of plants,—stems, leaves, roots, flowers, and fruit (with special reference to fruit-trees and agricultural plants).

(b.) Fertilisation of flowers and formation of seed. Storage of food in seeds, roots, &c. Germination.

(c.) Composition of plants. The meaning of the terms organic and inorganic. Elements and compounds. Outlines of chemistry of air and water.

(d.) How plants obtain their food. Function of the leaf. Decomposition of carbonic acid. Leaf green. Importance of water to the plant. Absorption of food by the roots. Action of root hairs.

(e.) The soil. How soils are formed. Decay of rocks. Chemical constituents of soil. Subsoil. Humus. The soil as a source of plant food.

(f.) Brief outline of the chemistry of the elements essential to the growth of plants. Influence of light, warmth, and moisture on plant growth. Bacteria as the cause of decay and fermentation.

(g.) Soils. Mechanical analysis of soils. Classification of soils. Good and bad qualities of soils. Influence of mechanical conditions of soils on their fertility. Plant food in the soil, available and dormant.

(h.) Tillage. The objects to be obtained by tillage. Improvement in the mechanical condition. Importance of a good seed-bed. Chemical changes induced by exposure to the air. Action of bacteria, &c., in the soil. Fallows. Tillage as partly replacing manure. Water in the soil. Capillary action in the soil. Drainage. Possible loss of plant food in drainage water. Difference in modes of cultivation for light and heavy soils. Plant food in the soil. Exhaustion of the soil. Principle of application of manures. Principal of rotation of crops. Improvement of the soil.

(i.) Manures. Object of manuring. General and special manures. Farm-yard manure, its composition and value; its liability to ferment; management to prevent loss of value. Vegetable and animal refuse as manures. Green manuring. Plant food most frequently wanting in soils. Manures supplying particular kinds of plant food. Guanos. Special manures supplying nitrogen. Bone manures. Superphosphate and other mineral manures. Action of lime on the soil.

(j.) Crops. The characteristics of the commoner crops—cereals, fodder crops, root crops. Habits of growth of a plant. Distribution of roots. Principle of adaptation of manures to crops.

(k.) Importance of good seed. Propagation of plants by cuttings, tubers, bulbs, &c. Objects of grafting and pruning. Insect pests. Insect changes, as illustrated by the life history of common insects. Nature of parasitic fungi.

(l.) Agricultural implements, their construction and management.

(m.) Live-stock. Foods and feeding. Management, accommodation, breeding, &c.

(22.) Agricultural Zoology.—A general knowledge of the classification of animals; a knowledge of the life history, geographical distribution, and conditions of existence of such animals, especially insects, as are of economic importance, whether as friends or as enemies of the agriculturist (this does not involve a knowledge of stock); the means of destroying animals injurious to agriculture, or of holding them in check.

(23.) Agricultural Botany.—The ground covered by sections (a) to (f) of the syllabus for general agriculture, and in addition a knowledge of the chief forage and fodder plants. Weeds, their prevention and destruction, with a special knowledge of the more troublesome weeds. Seeds, with a knowledge of impurities, adulterants, and determination of germinating power. The commoner fungoid diseases of plants: treatment and prevention of such diseases.

(24.) Theoretical Mechanics.—

Solids.—The British and metric systems of measurement. General and specific properties of bodies. Laws of motion; relative and absolute motion; rest. Distinction between mass and weight. Density and relative density. Uniform and variable velocity; measure of velocity. Force, momentum, acceleration; acceleration due to gravity. Representation of forces; composition of two forces acting at a point along parallel or intersecting lines; equilibrium of two or more forces acting at a point; experimental verification of the parallelogram and the triangle of forces; moments of forces; composition of parallel forces; a couple; centre of parallel forces; conditions of equilibrium in case of levers, wheel and axle, pulleys, inclined plane, wedge, and screw. Definition of a machine, mechanical advantage. Laws of uniformly accelerated motion; work and power; energy; varieties, transformation, and conservation of energy. Gravitation; centre of gravity, its position in simple cases determined by experiment; stable, unstable, and neutral equilibrium; the balance; requisites of a good balance; laws of falling bodies; Atwood’s machine; the pendulum.

Fluids.—Distinction between fluids and liquids; properties of liquids; transmission of pressure through a liquid; vertical upward and downward pressure; Bramah press; pressure on sides of containing vessels; centre of pressure; distinction between whole and resultant pressure; hydrostatic paradox; equilibrium of liquids in single and in communicating vessels; water-level and artesian wells; pressure on immersed bodies; principle of Archimedes; determination of the volume of solids; equilibrium of floating bodies; the metacentre; stability of flotation; determination of specific gravity of soluble and insoluble solids and of liquids. Physical properties of gases: principle of Archimedes applied to gases; balloons; atmospheric pressure; Torricelli’s experiment; the barometer; verification of Boyle’s law. The siphon; air pump; mercury gauge; compressed-air manometer; suction pump, force pump, suction and force pump.

(25), (26), (27). Candidates selecting these subjects will be required to take the examination of the Science and Art Department, South Kensington, in the advanced stage.

(28.) Shorthand.—In this subject the writing of one hundred and thirty words a minute, reporting style, will be required. A test at the rate of one hundred and eighty words will be provided for those that wish to take it. No other system of shorthand will be recognised in the examination but Pitman’s, or a system founded upon the same principles as Pitman’s.

(29.) Book-keeping.—General principles of the ledger and subsidiary books. The paper shall be more exacting than that for the Junior Examination.

(30.) Industrial Economics.—Supply and demand, and the conditions affecting supply and demand, of capital and labour, especially as these are applied to manufacture or to distribution of products. Local or national features of production; industrial organization; trades unions, guilds, apprenticeship, &c. Disturbing features, as strikes, lockouts, &c. Effects of protective tariffs. Functions of co-operation. Displacement of men and women by machinery. Results of child labour, and foreign immigration. The economic position of those forming trusts, rings, corners, &c., or speculating in futures. Especial regard will be had to the effect of trade-unionism in raising or lowering the standard of wages and industrial proficiency in Great Britain and in New Zealand during the last half-century.

(31.) Industrial Legislation.—Especially the branch of statutory enactments that deals with the welfare of those engaged in industrial pursuits, and with the relative positions of employer and employed, the hours of labour, the age and educational standard of the young employed, the settlement of trade disputes, the payment of wages; compensation for injuries; freedom of contract; the ventilation, sanitary arrangements, &c., of factories, and in some cases, as in those of seamen and shearers, of the abodes of certain classes of employed. Questions will be set in reference to the differences existing between the Factories Acts in Great Britain and in New Zealand.

(32.) Commercial and Actuarial Arithmetic shall include logarithms as applied to interest, insurance, and annuities, and easy probabilities with reference to insurance.

(33.) Life Insurance Law shall, in addition to its general signification, have special bearing upon life insurance law and accident insurance law in New Zealand, and upon the laws with regard to life and accident insurance companies, and to the New Zealand Government Life Insurance Department, its investments and securities, i.e., its real estate, with titles, leases, tenancies, &c., affecting such real estate, with mortgages and such other investments as the Department may lawfully make.

(34.) Principles involved in Life Assurance.—Life assurance book-keeping shall have special reference to the books of the Government Insurance Department, and shall require a general knowledge of the head office and the branches of the department.

(36), (37), (38). The requirements in the law subjects shall be the same as the requirements of the examination conducted by the New Zealand University for candidates for admission as solicitors. Candidates taking these subjects may be required to present themselves at that examination.

GENERAL.

12. These regulations shall come into force upon the date of the first publication thereof in the New Zealand Gazette, except that candidates at the Junior Examination of 1902 shall be examined under the regulations last previously made, and that candidates at the Senior Examination of 1902 shall elect whether they will be examined under these regulations or under the regulations last previously made.

J. F. ANDREWS,
Acting-Clerk of the Executive Council.