APRIL 7.] THE NEW ZEALAND GAZETTE. 585

If his service was as third or fourth mate, proof will be required that he had during the whole year charge of a watch (see par. 107);

(b.) Or one year and a half must have been in a capacity not lower than only mate in a home-trade or coasting vessel whilst holding a second mate’s certificate for foreign-going vessels, or a mate’s certificate for home-trade passenger-ships;

(c.) Or one year must have been as pilot, with a first-class pilot’s certificate (see par. 104).

33. Examination in Navigation.—A candidate for an only or first mate’s certificate will be required—

(a.) To work out any three of the nautical problems prescribed for the second mate’s examination which may be given him by the Examiner, in addition to the chart paper (l) and the oral subjects (m, n, o, p) prescribed for that grade.

(b.) To compute the time at which a given star will be on the observer’s meridian. [Occasionally by inspection.]

(c.) To describe where tables giving the names of the principal stars passing the meridian may be found.

(d.) To describe where the meridian passage of the principal planets may be found.

(e.) To determine what bright stars will be within an hour, or more, of the observer’s meridian, above the pole and above the horizon, at any given time; also the hour angle, east or west, of each of the stars, and whether to the north or south of the observer’s zenith when passing the meridian.

(f.) To describe any maps or diagrams which the candidate knows and prefers for further facilitating the recognition of the stars and planets.

(g.) To compute the approximate meridian altitude of one of the stars just found for setting the sextant.

(h.) To find the latitude from the meridian altitude of the same star.

(i.) To find the longitude by chronometer by altitude of a star.

(j.) To find the true azimuth of a star by the “Time Azimuth” tables, and get the deviation therefrom.

(k.) To find the latitude by ex-meridian altitude of the sun or a star.

(l.) To find the line of position and the true bearing of the sun, and the ship’s position, by Sumner’s method by projection.

(m.) To answer certain questions relative to cyclones, or revolving storms.

He will be required to answer vivâ voce questions on the following subjects:—

(n.) How to keep a ship’s log-book.

(o.) How to calculate the capacity of a given bunker or hold.

(p.) How to calculate a freight and its commissions.

34. Examination in Seamanship.—In addition to the qualifications required for a second mate’s certificate, an only or first mate will be required to show a knowledge of the following subjects:—

(a.) Shifting large spars, rigging shears, taking lower masts in and out.

(b.) How to moor and unmoor ship; to keep a clear anchor, and to carry out an anchor.

(c.) How to manage a ship in stormy weather, and to cast a ship on a lee shore.

(d.) How to secure the masts in the event of accident to the bowsprit.

(e.) How to rig purchases for getting heavy weights, anchors, machinery, &c., in or out.

(f.) How to dispose various kinds of cargo and weights in a stiff and in a tender vessel.

(g.) The ventilation of holds, and the stowage of explosives.

(h.) How to rig a sea-anchor, and what means to employ to keep a vessel, disabled or unmanageable, out of the trough of the sea, and lessen her lee drift.

(i.) How to get a cast of the deep-sea lead in heavy weather.

(j.) Accidents, and how to deal with them.

(k.) Any other questions appertaining to the duties of an only or first mate which the Examiner may think necessary to ask.

(l.) Also questions on the additional subjects which are specified in the rules of examination for only and first mate’s certificates of competency for foreign-going steamships. (See par. 49.)

35. MASTER.—A candidate must be not less than twenty-one years of age, and—

(a.) He must have served six years at sea, of which one year must have been in a capacity not lower than only mate of a foreign-going vessel, whilst holding a certificate not lower than an only mate’s certifi-

cate for foreign-going vessels, provided that this service as officer was not performed whilst holding a first mate’s certificate for foreign-going vessels; the candidate will also be required to prove the officer’s service prescribed for that grade (par. 32):

(b.) Or, he must have served six years at sea, of which one year and a half must have been in a capacity not lower than only mate of a home-trade or coasting vessel whilst holding a certificate not lower than an only mate’s certificate for foreign-going vessels; provided that, if this service as officer was not performed whilst holding a first mate’s certificate for foreign-going vessels, the candidate will also be required to prove the officers service prescribed for that grade (par. 32):

(c.) Or, he must have served six years and a half at sea, one year of which must have been in a capacity not lower than second mate of a foreign-going vessel whilst holding a first mate’s certificate for foreign-going vessels, and one year and a half not lower than third or fourth mate of a foreign-going vessel in charge of a watch whilst holding a second mate’s certificate for foreign-going vessels:

(d.) Or, he must have served nine years at sea in the home or coasting trade, of which three years must have been as master, or one year as master and three years in a capacity not lower than that of mate; provided that in either case he has served in such capacity for not less than one year with a second mate’s certificate for foreign-going vessels or a master’s certificate for home-trade passenger-ships.

36. Examination in Navigation.—A candidate for an ordinary master’s certificate will be required to work out any twelve of the nautical problems prescribed for the grades of second and first mate that may be given him by the Examiner, in addition to the chart paper, the cyclone paper, and the oral subjects prescribed for the grades of second and first mate. He will also be required,—

(a.) To find the latitude by the altitude of the Polar Star at any time.

(b.) To find the latitude by the meridian altitude of the moon.

(c.) To find the magnetic bearing of any fixed object when at sea or at anchor, from bearings of the object taken with the ship’s head on equidistant compass points, and to compute the deviation therefrom; to construct a deviation curve upon a Napier’s diagram which will be furnished by the Examiner, and show that he understands its practical application; to give satisfactory written and oral answers to certain practical questions as to the effect of the ship’s iron upon the compasses, and the method of determining the deviation, and show how to compensate the deviation by magnets and soft iron by the aid of Beall’s compass deviascope.

(d.) To find on a chart the course to steer by compass in order to counteract the effect of a given current, and find the distance the ship will make good towards a given point in a given time; and to work out practically the correction to apply to soundings taken at a given time and place to compare with the depth marked on the chart.

He will be required to answer vivâ voce questions on the following subjects:—

(e.) The law as to the engagement, and discharge, and management of the crew, and the entries to be made in the official log.

(f.) How to prevent and check an outbreak of scurvy on board ship.

(g.) The law as to load-line marks, and the entries and reports to be made respecting them.

(h.) Invoices, charter party, bills of lading, Lloyd’s agent, nature of bottomry, bills of exchange, surveys, averages, &c.

(i.) The prevailing winds and currents of the globe.

(j.) The trade routes.

(k.) Tides.

37. Examination in Seamanship.—In addition to the qualifications required for the grades of second and first mate, an ordinary master will be required to show a knowledge of the following subjects:—

(a.) Construction of jury-rudders for both wooden and iron vessels, also rafts.

(b.) Resources for the preservation of the ship’s crew in the event of wreck.

(c.) Management of ship in heavy weather.

(d.) Rescuing the crew of a disabled vessel.

(e.) Steps to be taken when a ship is on her beam-ends, or in any danger or difficulty, or disabled or unmanageable and on a lee shore.

(f.) Heaving a keel out.